Underdevelopment in Peru: A Profile of Peripheral Capitalism

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
List of Tables
List of Figures
Introduction
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
	1.1 The International Character of Capitalism
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
	1.2 The Pyramid of the International Division of Labor
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
	1.3 Extractive Development Models in Latin America
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
	1.4 The Global Chains of Exploitation
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
	1.5 Conclusions
1 Capital and Peripheral Economic Development
	References
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
	2.1 Dependent Capitalist Economic Development
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
	2.2 Productive Heterogeneity and Economic Dualism
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
	2.3 Marginality and the CSE
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
	2.4 The Dependent Capitalist State: A Theoretical Framework
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
	2.5 Conclusions
2 The Peripheral Capitalist Development of Peru
	References
Appendices
	Appendix 2.1 Total Factor Productivity Level At Current PPPs (USA = 1)
3 Peru in the World Economy
3 Peru in the World Economy
	3.1 Peru and the International Division of Labor
3 Peru in the World Economy
	3.2 Peru’s Participation in Global Value Chains
3 Peru in the World Economy
	3.3 The Advanced Economy and the Capitalist Subsistence Economy in Peru
3 Peru in the World Economy
	3.4 Conclusions
3 Peru in the World Economy
	References
Appendices
	Appendix 3.1 Terms of Trade and Real GDP Growth Rates, 1980–2019
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
	4.1 Concentration and Centralization of Capital
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
	4.2 Transnational and Big (National) Extractive, Financial, and Communication Capital in Peru
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
	4.3 The Function of Small and Micro Businesses in the Peruvian Economy
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
	4.4 Profit Rate, the Organic Composition of Capital, and Profit Outflow
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
	4.5 Conclusions
4 The Business Structure of Capitalist Development
	References
Appendices
	Appendix 4.1 the Calculation of the Rate of Profit and the Organic Composition of Capital
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.1 Class and Class Structure
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.2 International Division of Labor and the Class Structure
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.3 A Broad Outline of the Peruvian Class Structure
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.3 A Broad Outline of the Peruvian Class Structure
		5.3.1 The Bourgeoisie
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.3 A Broad Outline of the Peruvian Class Structure
		5.3.2 The Middle Class
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.3 A Broad Outline of the Peruvian Class Structure
		5.3.3 The Proletariat
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.3 A Broad Outline of the Peruvian Class Structure
		5.3.4 The Peasantry
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.4 Class Analysis
5 The Social Class Structure
	5.5 Conclusions
5 The Social Class Structure
	References
6 Labor
6 Labor
	6.1 Labor Precarity
6 Labor
	6.1 Labor Precarity
		6.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of Precarious Labor
6 Labor
	6.1 Labor Precarity
		6.1.2 The Precariat
6 Labor
	6.2 Labor Conditions in Micro Businesses
6 Labor
	6.2 Labor Conditions in Micro Businesses
		6.2.1 Type of Contract
6 Labor
	6.2 Labor Conditions in Micro Businesses
		6.2.2 Bonuses
		6.2.3 Pension Fund
6 Labor
	6.2 Labor Conditions in Micro Businesses
		6.2.4 Weekly Working Hours
		6.2.5 Remuneration
6 Labor
	6.2 Labor Conditions in Micro Businesses
		6.2.6 The Situation on the Work Floor
6 Labor
	6.3 Educational Levels
6 Labor
	6.4 Chains of Exploitation
6 Labor
	6.4 Chains of Exploitation
		6.4.1 The Relationship Between the AE and the CSE
6 Labor
	6.5 Conclusions
6 Labor
	References
Appendices
	Appendix 6.1 Educational Levels 2004–2019 (in Percentages of Total Educational Level)
7 Social Segmentation
7 Social Segmentation
	7.1 Economic Structure and Superstructure
7 Social Segmentation
	7.2 Development
7 Social Segmentation
	7.3 Education
7 Social Segmentation
	7.4 Consumption
7 Social Segmentation
	7.5 Healthcare Insurance
7 Social Segmentation
	7.6 Conclusions
7 Social Segmentation
	References
8 The State
	8.1 The Economic Model and Economic Policies of Underdevelopment
8 The State
	8.2 State Capture
8 The State
	8.3 The Practice of a Peripheral State: A Weak State
8 The State
	8.4 The Left and the Right
8 The State
	8.5 Conclusions
8 The State
	References
9 Covid-19: The State, the Economy, and the People
9 Covid-19: The State, the Economy, and the People
	9.1 The Structural Causes for the Expansion of Covid-19
9 Covid-19: The State, the Economy, and the People
	9.2 The State’s Measures Against the Expansion of the Virus
9 Covid-19: The State, the Economy, and the People
	9.3 Class Virus Instead of a Democratic Virus
9 Covid-19: The State, the Economy, and the People
	9.4 Conclusions
9 Covid-19: The State, the Economy, and the People
	References
10 Conclusions
Index