Ultrasound Clinics Obstetric Ultrasound Gynecologic Ultrasound

Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 2
First-Trimester Screening......Page 3
First-trimester aneuploidy screening......Page 4
Increased impedance of flow of the ductus venosus......Page 8
First-trimester screening followed by second-trimester biochemistry......Page 9
Other chromosome abnormalities......Page 10
Birth defects in euploid fetuses who have increased nuchal translucency......Page 12
Twins and multiple gestations......Page 14
Structural defects detected during the first trimester......Page 15
References......Page 21
Normal pregnancy......Page 28
Spontaneous abortion......Page 29
Molar pregnancy......Page 30
Hemoperitoneum......Page 31
Ectopic pregnancy......Page 32
Endometrial findings......Page 33
Adnexal findings......Page 34
Scar pregnancy......Page 35
Ovarian torsion......Page 37
Gastrointestinal causes of pelvic pain......Page 38
References......Page 40
Fetal cardiac screening......Page 43
Image quality......Page 44
Evolution of cardiac abnormalities......Page 45
General considerations......Page 46
Extended basic examination......Page 47
Ventricular septal defects......Page 49
Atrioventricular septal defects......Page 51
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome......Page 52
Tricuspid valve abnormalities......Page 53
Truncus arteriosus......Page 54
Transposition of the great arteries......Page 55
Tetralogy of Fallot......Page 56
Aortic coarctation......Page 57
References......Page 58
Umbilical arterial circulation......Page 62
Middle cerebral circulation......Page 63
Fetal venous Doppler......Page 64
Fetal cardiac Doppler......Page 65
Fetal Doppler and intrauterine growth restriction......Page 67
References......Page 69
The lower uterine segment in normal pregnancy......Page 71
Uterine dehiscence and rupture......Page 73
Pitfalls in assessing cervical length and funneling......Page 78
Placenta previa......Page 79
Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta......Page 82
Leiomyomas in the lower uterine segment......Page 83
Ectopic pregnancy in the uterine scar......Page 84
References......Page 85
Acquisition of volumes......Page 88
Display modalities......Page 89
Scanning Tips......Page 92
Archiving 3-D US and 4-D US data......Page 93
Usefulness of 3-D and 4-D US in obstetrics......Page 94
Cleft lip and palate......Page 95
Extremities and skeleton......Page 99
References......Page 100
Normal anatomy......Page 102
Overview of ultrasound analytic approach to the adnexal mass......Page 104
Unilocular smooth-walled anechoic cyst......Page 106
Physiologic causes of findings that may raise concern......Page 111
When physiologic process is unlikely, has a characteristic pattern been established?......Page 114
Non-neoplastic cyst......Page 115
Endometrioma......Page 116
Hydrosalpinx......Page 117
Cystic teratoma......Page 119
Benign and malignant cystic neoplasms (cystadenomas’and cystadenocarcinomas)......Page 120
Further imaging or surgical exploration......Page 121
References......Page 122
Use of MR Imaging for Further Evaluation of Sonographically Detected Adnexal Pathology......Page 124
Leiomyomas......Page 125
Endometriosis......Page 129
Fibromas......Page 143
Summary......Page 148
References......Page 149
Saline Infusion Sonohysterography......Page 151
Unexplained uterine bleeding—endometrium suboptimally imaged with transvaginal sonography......Page 152
Abnormal bleeding and abnormal endometrial appearance on transvaginal sonography (too’thick, cy...........Page 153
Transvaginal sonography and biopsy findings are inconsistent......Page 158
Risks of saline infusion sonohysterography......Page 159
Scheduling the saline infusion sonohysterography......Page 160
Technique......Page 161
Technical success/difficulties......Page 162
Benefits of saline infusion sonohysterography......Page 163
References......Page 179
Evolution of endometrial assessment......Page 181
Transvaginal ultrasound......Page 182
Risk of infection......Page 188
References......Page 189