Ultimate Web Automation Testing with Cypress: Master End-to-End Web Application Testing Automation to Accelerate Your QA Process with Cypress

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgements
Preface
Errata
Table of Contents
1. Getting Started with Cypress Testing
   Introduction
   Structure
   Introduction to Cypress
      Overview of Cypress
      Advantages of Cypress
      Integration with Modern Web Technologies and Frameworks
   Benefits of using Cypress for automation testing
      Real-time reloading and time-travel debugging
      Automatic waiting and retries
      Simple and easy-to-understand API
      Built-in parallelization and dashboard features
      Integration with CI/CD tools
      Wide range of plugins and community support
   Difference between Cypress and Selenium
      Architecture: Cypress’s direct browser access versus Selenium’s WebDriver-based approach
      Language Support: JavaScript in Cypress versus multiple languages in Selenium
      Automatic waiting and command retries in Cypress
      Speed and performance comparison
      Ease of setup and learning curve
   Key features of Cypress 12
      Multiple origins testing with ‘cy.origin()’
      Browser context preservation with `cy.session()`
      Test isolation
      Fix for dreaded detached DOM errors
   Conclusion
   Further Reading
2. Setting Up the Development Environment
   Introduction
   Structure
   Installing Node.js
      NPM (Node Package Manager)
      Yarn
   Installing Cypress
   Configuring Cypress
      Project structure
   Creating your first Cypress project
   Conclusion
   Further Readings
3. Writing Your First Test
   Introduction
   Structure
   Introducing the Cypress Test Runner
   Writing a simple test case
   Using Cypress commands
      Navigating commands
      Querying DOM commands
      Action commands
      Assertion commands
      Network requests commands
      Cookies and local storage commands
   Using Cypress assertions
      BDD assertions
      TDD assertions
      Sinon-Chai assertions
      Complex assertions
      Assertion timeout
   Understanding hooks and aliases
      Introducing hooks
      Using aliases
      Scopes of hooks and aliases
      Hooks scope
         Aliases scope
      Best practices for using hooks and aliases
      Dealing with asynchronous operations
   Conclusion
   Further readings
4. End-to-End (E2E) Testing
   Introduction
   Structure
   Overview of E2E testing
      The crucial role of E2E testing
      E2E testing with Cypress: A new age in testing
   Testing user interactions
      Clicking and double clicking
      Typing into input fields
      Checking and unchecking boxes
      Selecting options in dropdowns
      Working with events
      Drag and Drop
      Hovering
      File uploads
      Keyboard interactions
      Scrolling
      Right clicking
   Form interactions
      Dealing with popups and alerts
      Working with iframes
   Working with different types of elements
      Text elements
      Input fields
      Buttons
      Links
      Images
      Lists
      Tables
      Scalable vector graphics (SVGs)
      Forms
      Dialog and pop-up windows
      Canvas
      Audio and video elements
      Shadow DOM
      Custom Elements
      Map Elements
   Handling timeouts and retries
      Timeouts
      Automatic retries
      Custom retries
      Best practices for handling timeouts and retries
   Conclusion
   Further readings
5. Component Testing
   Introduction
   Structure
   Introduction to component testing
   Types of component testing
      Timing of component testing execution
   Differentiating component testing and unit testing
   Component testing vs end-to-end testing
   Setting up component testing with Cypress
   Writing component tests
      Scaffold React Application
      Testing React components
      Crafting a component
      First component test
      Locating elements and assertions
      Incorporating props into components
      Testing interactions
      Testing React components with events
      Testing Angular components
      Building an Angular component
      Component inputs
      Interactions with the component
      Testing Angular component events
      Testing Vue.js components
      Building a Vue.js component
      Locating elements and assertions
      Incorporating props into components
      Testing interactions
      Testing Vue.js components with events
   Best practices for component testing
      Understand the component’s functionality
      Isolate the component
      Use descriptive test titles
      Favor integration over snapshot tests
      Test different states
      Test events and side effects
      Keep tests DRY, but not at all costs
      Incorporate accessibility checks
      Continuously run tests in your development environment
      Use a test-first methodology (TDD/BDD)
   Debugging and troubleshooting component tests
      Utilize Cypress’s time traveling and real-time reloading
      Use cy.log for custom logging
      Use cy.pause for pausing execution
      Use Cypress’s built-in debuggability
      Reviewing test artifacts
   Integrating component tests into your testing workflow
      Running component tests locally
      Running component tests in continuous integration
      Writing component tests
      Running component tests
   Conclusion
   Further readings
6. API Testing
   Introduction
   Structure
   Introduction to API testing
   Understanding RESTful APIs
   Exploring GraphQL
      Comparing REST and GraphQL
      Cypress for API Testing
   Testing RESTful APIs
   Testing GraphQL APIs
      Aliasing Multiple Queries or Mutations
         Expectations for Query or Mutation Results
         Modifying a Query or Mutation Response
   Validating API responses
   Conclusion
   Further Readings
7. Data-Driven Testing
   Introduction
   Structure
   Overview of data-driven testing
      Data-Driven Testing in Action
   Using JSON Files for Test Data
      Reasons for Using JSON Files
      Structuring JSON Files for Test Data
      Reading JSON Files in Cypress
      Implementing Data-Driven Tests with JSON Files
   Reading Data from Databases
      Reasons for Using Databases for Test Data
      Setting up the Database Connection
      Setting up MongoDB Connection
      Setting up MySQL Connection
      Using MongoDB and MySQL Data in Cypress Tests
   Implementing Data-Driven Test Cases
      Segregation of Test Data and Production Data
      Leveraging Realistic Data in Tests
      Minimizing Test Data Duplication
      Employing Cypress Plugins for Database Testing
      Setting up a Test Database
      Connecting Cypress to the Test Database
      Test Cases for CRUD Operations
      Test Case to Verify Data Integrity
      Testing Database Transactions
      Testing Database Migrations
   Conclusion
   Further Reading
8. Advanced Cypress Techniques
   Introduction
   Structure
   Cypress custom commands
      Creating a custom command
      Using a custom command
      Custom command overwrites
      Asynchronous custom commands
      Chaining custom commands
      Passing options to custom commands
      Custom commands with aliases
      Validating custom commands
      Use cases for custom commands
      Overriding existing commands
      Handling errors in custom commands
      Debugging custom commands
      Best practices for custom commands
   Using videos and screenshots for debugging
      Debugging with screenshots
      Debugging with videos
      Using screenshots and videos effectively
   Working with Cypress plugins
      Configuration
      Preprocessors
      Run lifecycle
      Spec lifecycle
      Browser launching
      Screenshot handling
      cy.task
      List of plugins
      Crafting a plugin
      Custom plugin examples
      Interacting with a database
      Plugin Events
      Environment variables
      Browser launch API
      Custom Webpack preprocessor
      Existing Cypress plugin examples
      cypress-cucumber-preprocessor
      cypress-axe
   Handling authentication and authorization
      Authentication vs authorization
      Approaches to testing authentication and authorization
      Testing the UI
      Programmatic login
      Handling authorization
      Testing API authorization
      Authentication by visiting a different domain with cy.origin()
      Programmatic login using Auth0 authentication
   Parallel test execution
      Using CI/CD tools for parallelization
      Parallelization beyond the Dashboard: plugins
      cypress-parallel
      cypress-split
   Cross-browser testing
      Running tests in a specific browser
      Running tests in all supported browsers
      Electron browser: an integral part of Cypress
      Chrome browsers
      Firefox browsers
      Managing test flakiness across different browsers
      Comparing browser behaviors
      WebKit (experimental)
   Network stubbing and mocking
      Using the cy.intercept() command
      Intercepting responses and asserting with cy.wait()
   POST request stubbing
      Wildcards and glob patterns
   Visual regression testing
      Setting up cypress-image-snapshot plugin
      Creating your first visual test
      Dealing with dynamic content
      Image comparison strategies
      Setting up cypress-visual-regression
      Basic usage of cypress-visual-regression
      Dealing with dynamic content
      Customizing cypress-visual-regression
   Conclusion
   Further Reading
9. Cypress Cloud, Smart Orchestration, and Flaky Test Management
   Introduction
   Structure
   Introduction to Cypress Cloud
      Understanding Cypress Cloud
      Key features of Cypress Cloud
      Detailed test recording and optimized management
   Smart Orchestration in Cypress
      Introduction to Smart Orchestration
      Parallelization
      Load Balancing
      Spec Prioritization
      Run Cancellation
   Managing flaky tests
      Network instability
      Concurrency issues
      Test order dependency
      Insufficient wait for rendering or asynchronous operations
      Test retry ability
      Use of cy.should() assertion for automatic retrying
      Flaky test management in Cypress Cloud
      Test retries and flake detection
      Flagging flaky tests
      Flaky test analytics
      Flake severity
      Flake alerting
   Leveraging Cypress Analytics
      Accessing Cypress Analytics
      Key metrics in Cypress Analytics
      Combining Analytics with Other Cypress Features
   Conclusion
   Further Reading
10. Integrating with GitHub, GitLab, and Cucumber
   Introduction
   Structure
   Version control with GitHub and GitLab
      Types of version control systems
      Importance of version control
      Version control with Git
      GitHub
      Setting up projects on GitHub
      Integrating Cypress with GitHub
      Collaboration on GitHub
      GitLab
      Setting up projects on GitLab
      Integrating Cypress with GitLab
      Collaboration on GitLab
   Using Git Hooks for automated testing
      Setting up Git Hooks with Husky
      Using Git Hooks for automated testing
      Caveats and considerations
      Git Hooks examples
      Running specific Cypress tests with Git Hooks
      Using pre-push Hook for integration tests
      post-merge Hook for regression tests
   Implementing BDD with Cucumber and Cypress
      Setting up Cypress and Cucumber
      Comparison: Traditional testing vs BDD with Cucumber and Cypress
   Conclusion
   Further reading
11. Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
   Introduction
   Structure
   Overview of CI/CD
      Components of CI/CD
      Configuration management tools
         Ansible
         Puppet
         Chef
         Terraform
         Docker
      Monitoring and logging
      Deployment strategies
         Blue-Green deployment
         Canary deployment
         A/B testing
         Rolling deployment
      CI/CD Workflow with Cypress
         Benefits of CI/CD with Cypress:
   Integrating Cypress with Docker
      Running tests in a Docker Container
      Tips for using Cypress with Docker
      1. Multi-stage builds
      2. Docker Compose
      3. Cypress configuration
      4. Integration with CI/CD tools
      5. Running Cypress tests on different browsers
   Building Jenkins Pipelines with Cypress
      Creating a Jenkins Pipeline
      Running Cypress tests in Docker
      Reporting with Cypress and Jenkins
   Other CI/CD tools for Cypress
      Travis CI
      GitLab CI/CD
         Parallelization
         Running on merge requests
      GitHub actions
      Comparing CI/CD tools
   Conclusion
   Further reading
12. Reporting and Test Results
   Introduction
   Structure
   Overview of reporting techniques
      Different types of reports
      Reporting formats
         HTML report example
         JSON report example
         JUnit XML report example
         Console report example
      Cypress and reporting
   Built-in Cypress reporting
      Cypress Test Runner
      Test status and command log
      Screenshots and videos
      Test results in CI
   Third-party reporting tools and plugins
      Mocha reporters
         Mochawesome
      Cypress-multi-reporters
         cypress-mochawesome-reporter
   Generating custom reports with Cypress
      Customizing Mochawesome reports
      Generating reports with custom data
      Creating custom reports
   Analyzing test results for insights and improvements
      Basic analytical techniques
      Advanced analytical techniques
      Actioning insights
      Measuring test effectiveness
      Understanding the test report
         Analyzing test failures
         Analyzing test duration
         Identifying patterns
         Summary
   Conclusion
   Further reading
13. Conclusion
   Introduction
   Structure
   Recap of critical concepts
      Introduction to Cypress
      Setting up and starting with Cypress
      Writing tests in Cypress
      End-to-End (E2E) testing with Cypress
      Component testing
      API testing
      Data-driven testing
      Advanced techniques
      Cypress cloud and advanced features
      Integration with VCS and BDD
      Continuous integration and deployment
      Reporting
   Best practices for using Cypress
      Structure your tests
      Waiting strategies
      Using Page Object Model (POM)
      Handling dynamic data
      Avoid dependent tests
      Efficient selectors
      Regularly update Cypress
      Implement continuous integration
      Reusable functions
      Adopt data-driven testing
      Cross-browser testing
      Reviewing test failures
   Resources for further learning
      Official documentation
      Cypress Real World App (RWA)
      Blogs and tutorials
      Udemy and other online courses
      Cypress plugins
      Cypress GitHub repository
      Communities and forums
      Conferences and workshops
      Continuous integration services
Index