Ukraine’s Nuclear History: A Non-Proliferation Perspective

Introduction
	References
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
Introduction
	References
Ukraine´s Contribution to the Soviet Union´s Nuclear Programme
	1 Nuclear Physics in Ukraine (1900s-1930s)
		1.1 The Beginnings: Nuclear Physics in Ukraine (1900s-1920s)
		1.2 The Heyday: Nuclear Physics at UIPT and the UkrSSR Academy of Sciences in the 1930s
		1.3 UIPT Physicists in the Great Purge
	2 Ukraine in the Soviet Atomic Project (1938-1956)
		2.1 Ukraine and the Emergence of the Soviet Atomic Project (1938-1941)
		2.2 Nuclear Physics in Ukraine under Occupation (1941-1943)
		2.3 Ukraine´s Role in the Development of the Soviet Atomic Project in 1942-1945
		2.4 Ukraine´s Role in the Third Phase of the Development of the Soviet Atomic Project (1945-1949)
		2.5 Ukraine and the Creation of the Soviet Hydrogen Bomb (1945-1956)
	3 Development of Infrastructure for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy in UkrSSR in Pre-Chernobyl Period (1945-1986)
		3.1 Nuclear Scientific Research in UkrSSR
		3.2 Origins and Resolution of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Problems in UkrSSR (1950s-1960s)
		3.3 Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes in Soviet Ukraine
		3.4 Situation in the Atomic Industry Prior to Construction of First Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plants
		3.5 Construction of Nuclear Power Plants in Soviet Ukraine (1970s-1980s)
		3.6 Chernobyl NPP
	4 Conclusions
	References
Nuclear Disarmament of Ukraine
	1 Legal Framework and Early Developments
	2 Nuclear Legacy of Ukraine: Composition and Quantities
		2.1 Strategic Nuclear Forces (Delivery Vehicles)
		2.2 Sub-strategic Systems (Delivery Vehicles)
		2.3 Tactical Nuclear Weapons (Delivery Vehicles and Platforms)
		2.4 Nuclear Ammunitions Control: How and By Whom
		2.5 Strategic Nuclear Weapons (Warheads)
		2.6 Sub-strategic and Tactical Nuclear Weapons (Warheads)
	3 Nuclear Disarmament: Decision-Making Logic
		3.1 Political Interests
		3.2 Missile Industry Lobby
		3.3 Missile Plans Conversion
		3.4 Pro-Nuclear Lobby that Never Materialized
	4 External Pressure
		4.1 The Russian Factor
		4.2 Role of the USA and the EU in Ukraine´s Nuclear Disarmament
	5 Non-Nuclear Choice
		5.1 Accession to the NPT
		5.2 The Budapest Memorandum and Security Assurances for Ukraine
	6 Conclusions
	References
Nuclear Energy in Independent Ukraine
	1 Nuclear Energy Sector in Ukraine: Historic Perspective, Key Challenges, and Current Status
		1.1 Strategic Vision to Develop Nuclear Energy Sector in the 1990s
		1.2 Situation in Ukrainian Nuclear Energy Sector
	2 Chernobyl Accident and Development of Nuclear Science and Industry in UkrSSR Afterwards
		2.1 The Chernobyl Accident
		2.2 Causes of the Accident
		2.3 Punishment of the Guilty
		2.4 Glasnost and the Chernobyl Accident
		2.5 Situation Around the Liquidation Activities after Accident at Chernobyl NPP
		2.6 Chernobyl Accident and Its Impact on How the IAEA Responded to This Crisis
	3 Moratorium on the Construction of New Nuclear Power Plants in the UkrSSR and the Public Factor in Atomic Energy Development ...
		3.1 End of the Moratorium
		3.2 Public Dimension
	4 Establishing an Organization to Administer National Nuclear Power: Discussions, Key Problems, and Milestones
		4.1 Administration of Nuclear Sector in Independent Ukraine
	5 History of Establishing the National Nuclear Regulation System
	6 The Role of International Cooperation to Sustain the Nuclear Energy Complex of Ukraine, and Strengthen Nuclear Safety and Se...
		6.1 Closure of Chernobyl NPP
		6.2 Nuclear Safety Strengthening of Existing Reactors. Rivne NPP and Khmelnitsky NPP Reactors Completion
		6.3 Bilateral Cooperation
	7 Nuclear Disarmament of Ukraine and its Impact on the Nuclear Industry Development
	8 Nuclear Security in Ukraine
		8.1 Ukraine and Nuclear Security Summits
		8.2 Nuclear Security after 2014
		8.3 Uncontrolled Territories
	9 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Safeguards and Ukraine
		9.1 Export Control System
	10 Ukraine´s Participation in the International Nuclear and Radiation Safety Regime
	11 Conclusions
Conclusion: Lessons to Be Learned