Tweak Your Mac Terminal: Command Line macOS

Table of Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Getting Started
	Terminal at a Glance
		The Need to Know
	Book Conventions
	Book Requirements
		Minimum Requirements
		Installing Xcode
		Using Homebrew
	Why Use Brew?
		Installing Brew
			Installing Brew Globally
			Installing Brew for Each User
			After Installation
		Finding Applications in Brew
		Installing Applications from Brew
		Upgrading Installed Applications
	Reinstalling Applications
	Summary
Chapter 2: Terminal Basics
	The Terminal Application
	Customizing Terminal
	What Is a Shell?
		Zsh
		Upgrading from a Previous Version of macOS
	Shell Shortcuts
	The Filesystem
		Meta Directories
		User Directories
		Catalina’s New Layout
		Directory Tree
	Moving Around the Filesystem
		Inspecting Directories
		Dragging and Dropping
		Different Types of Paths
			Absolute Paths
			Relative Paths
	Directory Operations
		Creating Directories
		Deleting Directories
			Leaving the Filesystem
			How Can You Remove a Directory You Are In?
	File Operations
		Creating Files
		Writing Files
		Reading Files
		Copying Files
		Moving Files
		Deleting Files
	Editing Text in Terminal
		Changing the Default Text Editor
	Piping
		Pipe
		Redirecting Output
		Redirecting Input
	Hidden Files and Folders
		Hiding Files the UNIX Way
		Hiding Files the macOS Way
	Globbing
		Single Asterisk
		Question Mark
		Double Asterisk
		Range Matching
	Links
		Hard Links
		Symlinks
	Naming Things
	Getting Help with Commands
		Searching the Manuals
		The “See Also” Section
			Displaying a Man Section
	Permissions
		File Permissions
		File Permissions Breakdown
			Entry Type
				Block File
				Character File
				Link
				Socket Link
				FIFO
			The User, Group, and Other Components
				Example Permissions
			Features
				Access Control List
				Extended File Attributes
		Changing File Permissions
			Absolute Values
				Entry Type
				User, Group, and Other
			Symbolic Values
		Escalating Your System Privilege
	Aliases
	Customizing the Feel
	Customizing the Welcome Message
	Environment Variables
		Why Use Variables?
		The Default Text Editor
		How Can You Use Variables?
	Customizing the Shell Prompt
		State Symbols
		Date and Time Symbols
	Summary
Chapter 3: macOS Built-in Commands
	Getting Started
	Compression
		Zip Compression
			Unzip
				Testing the Integrity of the Zip File
				Listing the Contents of the Zip File
			Zip
				Adjust the Size of the Archive
				Encrypting the Archive
				Compressing Directories
		Gzip Compression
			Tar
	Working with Files
		Finding Content in Files
		Finding a Filename
		Finding a Filename with locate
		Where Is Your Command?
		Inspecting File Contents
	Working with Text
		Printing Text
		Formatting Output
			Printf Format
			Displaying the Arguments
		Viewing the Contents
		Transforming Text
			Changing Characters
			Deleting Characters
		Search and Replace
		Spotting the Difference in Text Files
		Viewing Content At the Beginning of a File
		Viewing Content At the End of a File
		Scanning and Processing with AWK
			Actions
				Built-In Variables
				Variables
				Begin Action
				End Action
			Patterns
			Conditionals
			Other Formats
	Working with Compressed Text
		Printing Compressed Text
		Searching Compressed Text
	Troubleshooting
		Running Processes
		Runaway Processes
		Removing a Drive with an Open File
		Sysctl
	Integration with macOS
		Open in macOS
		Copy and Paste
		Using QuickLook on Files
		Better man Pages
		System Chime
	Networking
		Remote Shell
		Downloading Files
			Downloading a Directory
		Is the Web Server Down?
		Determining the Path Your Data Takes
			Finding Out More About a Domain
		Pretending a Website Is Somewhere Else
		Querying DNS
		Networking Piping
	Disk Management
		How Big Is This Folder?
		Free Space
		Disk Management
			Viewing Partition Information
			Securely Erasing a Disk
			Creating a New Partition
			Encrypting a Disk
		Disk Images
			Creating a Disk Image
			Mounting a Disk Image
			Ejecting a Disk Image
			Change the Disk Image Volume Name
			Encrypting a Disk Image
			Copy an Existing Device
			Creating a Disk Image Containing Existing Files
	Other Commands That I Love
		The say Command
			Changing the Speaking Rate
			Saving Speech to a File
		Scheduling with Launchd
			Listing Services
			Launchd Error Codes
			Service Definition
			The XML File Format
			Creating Your Own launchd Process
			Troubleshooting
		Top Commands
	Summary
Chapter 4: Installing Commands Using Brew
	Having Fun with Text
		The fortune Command
		The cowsay Command
		The figlet Command
		The lolcat Command
		The Steam Locomotive Command
	Media
		ImageMagick
			Colors
			Simple Image
			Convert JPG to PNG
			Borders
			Fonts
			Text
			Text Color and More
			Grid
			Combining Images
			Rectangles
			Arc
			Circles
			Ellipses
			Polygon
		ffmpeg
			Security
			Capturing from a Webcam
			Display Capture
			Audio
			Combining Audio and Video
			Stripping Audio or Video
			Converting Between Formats
			Combining Multiple Videos
			Subtitles
	Advanced Brew Concepts
		Brew Casks
			Searching Casks
			Updating Casks
		Brew Services
			Listing Services
			Starting Services
			Stopping Services
			Restarting Services
			Sudo
	Utilities
		The archey Utility
		Linux Utilities for macOS
		The ddrescue Command
			Types of Errors
		The asciinema Command
			rec
			play
			cat
			upload
		Formatting XML and JSON Files
			The XML File Format
			The JSON File Format
			The CSV Command
		The watch Command
	Networking
		The wget Command
		The curl Command
		Checking Internet Speed
			Logging Information
	Summary
Chapter 5: Shell Scripting Basics
	Your First Script
	Running and Debugging Scripts
		Running Scripts from the Current Directory
	Text Modes
		Clearing Text Modes
		Combining Text Modes
	Text Color
	Variables
		Special Variables
			Using Arguments
			Outline Placeholder
			Outline Placeholder
			$0, $1, $2, and So On
	The If Statement
	Arithmetic
	Loops
		Break and Continue
	Exit Code
	Exiting
	Reading Input
	Projects
		Project 5-1: Print Arguments
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
		Project 5-2: Quicker Say Command
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
		Project 5-3: Higher or Lower
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
		Project 5-4: Higher or Lower with Changeable Limits
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
	Summary
Chapter 6: PHP
	Determining Your PHP Version
		Basic Usage
		PHP Configuration
		PHP Configuration on Cli
		PHP Configuration File
		PHP Configuration in a Browser
		PHP Web Server
	PHP Basics
		Language
		Comments
			Single-Line Comments
			Multi-Line Comments
		Constants
			What Can You Store in a Constant?
			Can You Change Constants?
			Why Use Constants?
			Predefined Constants
		Variables
			String Variables
			Integer Variables
				Binary Representation of an Integer
				Calculating a Value in Binary
			Floating-Point Numbers
				Binary Representation of a Float
			Shorthand Operators for Integers and Floats
			Array Variables
				Numeric Arrays
				Associative Arrays
				Booleans
			Object Variables
			Null Variables
				Type-Checking Variables
		Superglobals
			$_SERVER
				Command-Line Arguments
			$_GET
			$_POST
			$_REQUEST
			$_SESSION
			Other Superglobals
		Functions
		If Statements
		Boolean Expression
		Comparison Operators
		Does the Variable Exist?
	Loops
		The for Loop
		The while Loop
		The do while Loop
		The foreach Loop
		Exiting a Loop Early
		Dependencies
			Searching for Packages
			Updating Packages
			Installing Packages
			Adding Packages
				Version Constraint
				Exact Constraint
				Wildcard Constraint
				Caret Constraint
				Development Dependencies
				After Dependencies Have Been Specified
			Using Packages in PHP
	Web Browser Projects
		Project 6-1: Person API
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
		Project 6-2: People API
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
	Command-Line Projects
		Project 6-3: Arguments
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
		Project 6-4: Higher or Lower
			You Will Need
			Expected Output
			Suggested Answer
	Summary
Chapter 7: Version Control
	Version Control at a Glance
	Getting Started
	Cloning Repositories
	Branches
		The HEAD Branch
	Tags
	Updating the Repository
		Fetch
		Status
		Pulling
	Your First Repository
		Adding Files to a Repository
		Removing Files from a Repository
		Committing to a Repository
		Your Identity
		Amending a Commit
		Repository Log
	Publishing Your Repository
		Signing Up
		Creating a Repository
		Authentication
			SSH
				SSH keys
				Generating an SSH Key
			HTTPS
				Personal Access Tokens
				Removing Saved Details
		Uploading to the Repository
		Making Commits in GitHub
			Creating/Uploading Files
			Editing Files
			Deleting Files
	Forking the Repository
		Changing the Remote
			Manual Method
			Official Way
		Pull Requests
	Going Further with Git
	Summary
Chapter 8: Web Development
	Installing a Web Server
		Installing nginx
		Starting nginx
		Configuring nginx
			Multiple Sites That Differ by Port
			Default HTTP Port
			There’s Another Way
	Using PHP
	Installing a Database
	Creating the WordPress Database
	Installing WordPress
	Using WordPress
		The Dashboard
		Settings
		Viewing the Blog
		Permalinks
			nginx Change
			WordPress Changes
	Taking It Live
		Exporting the Database
		WordPress Config
	Summary
Chapter 9: Going Further
	Brew Clean Up
		Opting Out
		Manual Clean Up
		When Things Go Wrong
		Broken Applications
	Internet Services from Terminal
		Weather
		Stock Ticker
		Star Wars
		Nyan Cat
	Oh My Zsh
		Installation
		Customizing Oh My Zsh
			Themes
			Theme Previews
				Robbyrussell
				Clean
				Gallifrey
				Nanotech
				Candy-Kingdom
				Agnoster
				Powerline Font
				Changing to a Powerline Font
			Plugins
				Alias-Finder
				BBEdit
				OSX
				Print Finder Directory
				Print Finder Selection
				Change Directory - Finder
				QuickLook
				Manual Preview
				Hidden Files
				Remove .DS_Store Files
			Preferences
				Case-Sensitive Completion
				Hyphen Sensitivity
				Auto Update
					Manual Update
				Magic Function
				Colors
				Terminal Window Title
				Auto-Correct
				Completion Pending
				Command History
				Custom Directory
	Ideas for Terminal
		Mistyping
		Identify Other Computers
		Filtering Log Files
	Programming Languages
		Python
		C and C++
		Swift
	Summary
Index