TROPICAL ROOTS AND TUBER CROPS: cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids

Cover......Page 1
Tropical Root and Tuber Crops  Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams and Aroids......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 14
Preface......Page 20
Section I Cassava......Page 26
 Domestication......Page 28
 Discovery of the Crop by Western Explorers......Page 32
 Present Geographical Distribution......Page 34
 Classification......Page 37
 Morphological Description of M . esculenta Crantz......Page 38
 Cytology......Page 44
 Objectives and Selection Criteria......Page 46
 Sexual Reproduction and Sterility......Page 47
 Crossing Techniques and True Seed Production......Page 48
 Selection Methods and Programmes......Page 51
 Heritability of Major Traits......Page 56
 Genotype × Environment Interactions......Page 58
 Use of Related Species......Page 59
 Polyploidy Breeding......Page 60
 Use of Molecular Markers......Page 62
 Transgenic Technologies......Page 63
 Germplasm Conservation......Page 65
  Phase 2. Leaf and root system development......Page 68
  Phase 5. End of vegetative growth......Page 69
 Photoperiodism......Page 73
 Temperature......Page 75
 Water Deficit and Stress......Page 76
 Climate Change Adaptation......Page 78
 Seed Systems and Propagule Selection......Page 81
 Soil Preparation......Page 86
 Plant Densities and Crop Establishment......Page 87
 Intercropping......Page 88
 Weeding......Page 90
 Fertilization and Nutrient Disorders......Page 92
 Harvesting......Page 95
 Pests......Page 98
  Mealybugs......Page 100
  Lepidoptera (hornworms, stem borers, burrower bugs, lace bugs)......Page 101
 Nematodes......Page 102
 Bacteria......Page 103
 Fungi......Page 104
 Viruses......Page 106
  Cassava frogskin disease (CFSD)......Page 108
  Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Africa......Page 109
  Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in India......Page 110
  Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD)......Page 111
 Integrated Pest and Disease Management......Page 112
 Chemical Composition......Page 114
 Physiological Disorders in Freshly Stored Roots......Page 117
 Marketing and Quality Standards......Page 118
 Storage Methods......Page 119
 Traditional Processing Techniques......Page 120
 Industrial Processing......Page 123
Section II Sweet Potato......Page 128
 Domestication......Page 130
 Discovery of the Crop by Western Explorers......Page 133
 Present Geographical Distribution......Page 136
 Morphological Description of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.......Page 139
 Related Species......Page 142
 Cytology......Page 143
 Objectives and Selection Criteria......Page 145
 Sexual Reproduction, Incompatibility and Sterility......Page 146
 Crossing Techniques and True Seed Production......Page 147
 Selection Methods and Programmes......Page 149
 Heritability of Major Traits......Page 155
 Genotype × Environment (G × E) Interactions......Page 159
 Use of Related Species......Page 161
 Use of Molecular Markers......Page 162
 Transgenic Technologies......Page 164
 Germplasm Conservation......Page 166
 Growth Cycle......Page 169
  The initial phase......Page 170
  The final phase......Page 171
  The regeneration phase......Page 172
 Photoperiodism......Page 173
 Nutrition......Page 175
 Water Deficit and Stress......Page 177
 Climate Change Adaptation......Page 179
 Seed Systems and Propagule Selection......Page 182
 Soil Preparation......Page 188
 Plant Densities and Crop Establishment......Page 189
 Intercropping......Page 191
 Weeding......Page 192
 Fertilization and Nutrient Disorders......Page 193
 Harvesting......Page 196
 Pests......Page 199
 Nematodes......Page 204
 Bacteria......Page 205
 Fungi......Page 207
 Viruses......Page 212
 Integrated Pest and Disease Management......Page 214
 Chemical Composition......Page 215
 Physiological Disorders in Freshly Stored Roots......Page 220
 Marketing and Quality Standards......Page 221
 Storage Methods......Page 223
 Traditional Processing Techniques......Page 225
 Industrial Processing......Page 228
Section III Yams......Page 232
 Domestication......Page 234
 Discovery of the Crop by Western Explorers......Page 239
 Present Geographical Distribution......Page 240
 Classification......Page 243
  D . alata L. (Enantiophyllum) ( Fig. 16.1a, b, Fig. 16.2a, b)......Page 245
  D . bulbifera L. (Opsophyton) ( Fig. 16.3a, b, Fig. 16.4a, b, c)......Page 247
  D . cayenensis Lam. (Enantiophyllum) ( Fig. 16.5, Fig. 16.6)......Page 248
  D . rotundata Poir. (Enantiophyllum)......Page 252
  D . esculenta (Lour.) Burkill (Combilium) ( Fig. 16.7a, b, c)......Page 253
  D . oppositifolia L. (Enantiophyllum)......Page 255
  D . nummularia Lam. (Enantiophyllum) ( Fig. 16.8a, b, Fig. 16.9, Fig. 16.10)......Page 256
  D . pentaphylla L. (Lasiophyton) ( Fig. 16.11a, b)......Page 258
  D . trifida L. (Macrogynodium) ( Fig. 16.12)......Page 259
 Related Species......Page 261
 Cytology......Page 263
 Objectives and Selection Criteria......Page 266
 Sexual Reproduction and Sterility......Page 268
 Crossing Techniques and True Seed Production......Page 270
 Selection Methods and Programmes......Page 272
 Heritability of Major Traits......Page 275
 Genotype × Environment (G × E) Interactions......Page 277
 Use of Related Species......Page 278
 Polyploidy Breeding......Page 279
 Use of Molecular Markers......Page 280
 Transgenic Technologies......Page 282
 Germplasm Conservation......Page 283
  Phase one: tuber germination......Page 285
  Phase three: tuber bulking......Page 286
  Phase five: dormancy......Page 287
 Photoperiodism......Page 289
 Temperature......Page 292
 Nutrition......Page 293
 Water Deficit and Stress......Page 294
 Climate Change Adaptation......Page 295
 Seed Systems and Propagule Selection......Page 298
 Soil Preparation......Page 303
 Plant Densities and Crop Establishment......Page 305
 Intercropping......Page 307
 Weeding......Page 310
 Fertilization and Nutrient Disorders......Page 311
 Harvesting......Page 315
 Pests......Page 318
 Nematodes......Page 319
 Fungi......Page 322
 Viruses......Page 327
 Integrated Pest and Disease Management......Page 332
 Chemical Composition......Page 333
 Physiological Disorders in Freshly Stored Tubers......Page 342
 Marketing and Quality Standards......Page 343
 Storage Methods......Page 344
 Traditional Processing Techniques......Page 347
 Industrial Processing......Page 348
Section IV Aroids......Page 352
 Domestication......Page 354
 Discovery of the Crop by Western Explorers......Page 356
 Present Geographical Distribution......Page 359
 Classification......Page 363
 Morphological Descriptions of Major Aroids......Page 364
 Related Species......Page 378
 Cytology......Page 381
 Objectives and Selection Criteria......Page 384
 Sexual Reproduction and Sterility......Page 385
 Crossing Techniques and True Seed Production......Page 386
 Selection Methods and Programmes......Page 391
 Heritability of Major Traits......Page 397
 Genotype × Environment (G × E) Interactions......Page 398
 Polyploidy Breeding......Page 401
 Use of Molecular Markers......Page 402
 Germplasm Conservation......Page 405
  Phase two: rapid root and shoot development with corm initiation......Page 408
  Phase six: dormancy and decreasing corm weight due to new vegetative growth......Page 409
 Photoperiodism......Page 411
 Nutrition......Page 413
 Water Deficit and Stress......Page 415
 Climate Change Adaptation......Page 416
 Seed Systems and Propagule Selection......Page 418
 Plant Densities and Crop Establishment......Page 422
 Intercropping......Page 424
 Weeding......Page 425
 Fertilization and Nutrient Disorders......Page 426
 Harvesting......Page 429
 Pests......Page 431
 Bacteria......Page 435
 Fungi......Page 436
 Viruses......Page 442
 Integrated Pest and Disease Management......Page 444
 Chemical Composition......Page 445
 Marketing and Quality Standards......Page 452
 Storage Methods......Page 453
 Traditional Processing Techniques......Page 455
 Industrial Processing......Page 458
References......Page 462
Index......Page 528
Back Cover......Page 543