Tropical Constrained Environments and Sustainable Adaptations: Businesses and Communities (Managing the Asian Century)

Contents
Editors and Contributors
	About the Editors
	Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Adapting to Constraints: Businesses and Societies in the Tropics
	References
Part IEnabling Resources with Sustainability Goals
2 Strategic Framework: A Roadmap for Communities’ Adaptations and Resilience in Constrained Environments
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Literature Review
		2.2.1 Communities’ Adaptations and Resilience for Sustainable Development
		2.2.2 Role of Urban Planning: Policy Framework-a Strategic Approach
		2.2.3 Role of Community Participation
		2.2.4 Impact of Community Participation on Tourism
		2.2.5 Community Participation: Engaging Local Community in Adaptation Process
		2.2.6 Assessment of Vulnerabilities and Dealing Challenges for Adaptation
	2.3 Conclusion
	References
3 Resource-Conserving Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Micro-Entrepreneurs: Evidence from a Tanzanian Community
	3.1 Entrepreneurs as Vehicles of Sustainable Development in Tropical Constrained Environments
	3.2 Micro-Entrepreneurs’ Contributions to Sustainability in Tropical Constrained Environments
		3.2.1 Education and Attitudes Towards Resource Conservation
		3.2.2 Resource-Conserving Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Entrepreneurial Competencies
	3.3 Methods
		3.3.1 Context of the Study
		3.3.2 Data Collection
	3.4 Results
		3.4.1 Descriptive, Correlation, Factor and Reliability Analyses
		3.4.2 Regression Analyses
	3.5 Concluding Discussion
	References
4 Case Study Approach in Tackling Environmental, Physical and Social Sustainability in Bangkok
	4.1 Environmental Sustainability (Focus: Climate Change and Green Infrastructure)
	4.2 Physical Sustainability (Focus: Transportation System, Street Life and Walkability)
		4.2.1 Homogeneity, Segregation and Street Life
	4.3 Social Sustainability (Focus: Housing)
		4.3.1 Housing Provisions to Address Slum Housing Challenges
	References
5 Sustainable Reuse of Heritage in the Middle East Constrained Environments
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The Safeguarding and Reuse of Heritage in the Middle East Regions
	5.3 Adaptive Reuse of Defensive Structure: Rediscovery the Building Traditions
	5.4 Residential Buildings: The Rediscovery of Community Life Traditions
	5.5 Religious Buildings to Improve the Highest Social Values
	5.6 Commercial Reuse of Old Spaces: Enhancement of Economic Growth and Support the Local Economy
	5.7 Natural and Archeological Sites: Landscape Requalification to Respect the Environmental Context
	5.8 Comparison of Adaptive Reuse Interventions in a Constrained Environmental Context
	References
Part IIAttracting Business with Local Frameworks
6 Ecotourism Industry in Constrained Environments: Bhutan as a Case Study
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Literature Review
		6.2.1 The Threats of International Tourism Growth
		6.2.2 Bhutan Tourism Characteristics
		6.2.3 The Value of Ecotourism for Bhutan
	6.3 Methodology
	6.4 Data Analysis
		6.4.1 Analysis of Tourism Volume and Tourism Habits in Bhutan
		6.4.2 Government Policy of Bhutan
		6.4.3 Sustainable Development
		6.4.4 Standardization of Tourism
	6.5 Case Study
		6.5.1 Loss of Traditional Culture and Environmental Impact
		6.5.2 Annapurna Conservation Area Project
	6.6 Conclusion
	6.7 Recommendations
		6.7.1 Increase Investment
		6.7.2 Develop More Hiking Routes
		6.7.3 The Application of Science and Technology in Tourism
		6.7.4 Strengthen Publicity and Marketing
	References
7 Geophysical and Cultural Realities: Tourism Policy of Bhutan and Maldives
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Literature Review
	7.3 Study Approach
	7.4 Bhutan
	7.5 Maldives
	7.6 Discussion
	7.7 Conclusion
	References
8 Analysis of Economic Activities in Urban Villages: Case Studies in Guangzhou, China
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 UV History and Urban-Economic Circumstances
	8.3 UV Formation Factors
	8.4 Literature Review
	8.5 Guangzhou’s UV Development
	8.6 Businesses in Guangzhou UVs
		8.6.1 Businesses in Shipai UV
		8.6.2 Businesses in Tangxia UV
		8.6.3 Businesses in University Town UVs
		8.6.4 Art-oriented Businesses in UVs
	8.7 Discussion and Recommendations
	8.8 Conclusion
	Glossary
	References
9 A Political Economy Perspective: Attracting Foreign Direct Investments into Sri Lanka and Vietnam
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Literature Review
	9.3 Study Approach
	9.4 Sri Lanka
	9.5 Vietnam
	9.6 Discussion
	9.7 Conclusion
	References
Part IIIDesigning & Planning for Urban Communities
10 Addressing Food Security in Constrained Urban Environments
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The Role of Urban Planners Within the Urban Agriculture Landscape
	10.3 Urban Agriculture and Its Impact on Urban Food Security
	10.4 Policy Frameworks and Case Study Analyses
		10.4.1 The Case of the Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) Region, Toronto
		10.4.2 The Case of Belo Horizonte in Brazil
		10.4.3 The Case of Singapore
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
11 The Death and Life of a Tropical Landscape: Envisaging a New Melaka, Malaysia
	11.1 The ‘Death’ of Tropical Landscape
		11.1.1 The ‘Death’ of the Natural Heritage
		11.1.2 The ‘Death’ of the Coast
		11.1.3 The ‘Death’ of the People
	11.2 Envisaging a New ‘Life’ for Melaka
		11.2.1 Art and Heritage Landscapes
		11.2.2 Research Landscapes
		11.2.3 Food Landscapes
	11.3 Melaka’s New ‘Life’
	References
12 Urban Design Solutions to Cool Tropics (Case Study Approach)
	12.1 Urbanization, and the Challenge of Increased Urban Air Temperature
	12.2 Urban Design Solutions to Cool Tropics (Shading)
	12.3 Malacca Case Study
	12.4 Urban Design Solutions to Cool Tropics (Wind Modification)
	12.5 Muar Case Study
	12.6 Urban Design Solutions to Cool Tropics (Green Infrastructure and Evapotranspiration)
	12.7 Putrajaya Case Study
	12.8 Conclusion
	References
13 Managing Waste in the Smart City of Singapore
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Methodology
	13.3 Waste Management and Global Challenges
	13.4 Waste Management in Singapore
		13.4.1 General Waste Management
		13.4.2 Plastic Waste Management
		13.4.3 Electronic Waste Management
	13.5 The Informal Waste Sector
	13.6 SMEs and Start-Ups in Waste Management
	13.7 IoT (Internet of Things) in Waste Management
	13.8 Recommendations
		13.8.1 A Shift in Developmental Mindset
		13.8.2 Government Legislation
		13.8.3 Zero Waste Masterplan
		13.8.4 The Responsibility of Producers
		13.8.5 Consumers Play a Part
	13.9 Significance of the Study
	13.10 Conclusion: A City in Transition
	References
14 A Tropical Agenda for Future Research
	References