TRISO-Coated Fuel Processing to Support High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors

LISTOFFIGURES......Page 7
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
ACRONYMS......Page 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......Page 13
2.1 HTGRs AND TRISO-COATED FUEL......Page 17
Aggregation of (a) fuel particles into (b) compacts which fit into (c) fuel elements......Page 19
Characteristics of driver and transmutation fuel particles......Page 21
2.4 BALANCE ON FUEL MATERIALS......Page 23
2.6 SCALE AND PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS......Page 26
3.2 GENERIC PROCESSING STEPS......Page 28
3.5 OTHEROPTIONS......Page 32
3.6 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION NEEDS......Page 34
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 35
4.2 DESCRIPTION OF MAIN OPTIONS......Page 37
5 RECOMMENDED FLOW SHEET AND MATERIAL BALANCES......Page 38
5.2 COMMON MECHANICAL HEAD-END......Page 39
5.3 DIRECT-AQUEOUS-LEACHING FLOW SHEET......Page 41
5.4 PYROPROCESSING FLOW SHEET......Page 47
5.5 BACKUPOPTIONS......Page 49
6.1 ISSUES AND GROUND RULES......Page 50
WASTEhlANAGEMENT......Page 51
SEPARATION AND DISPOSAL OF GRAPHITE BLOCKS FROM HTGR SNF......Page 52
6.4 OPTIONS FOR WASTES FROM PROCESSING DF COMPACTS......Page 57
6.5 STORAGE TRANSPORT AND REPOSITORY CONSIDERATIONS FOR HLW......Page 64
6.6 WASTE TREATMENT TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 65
7.1 CONCLUSIONS......Page 66
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 67
REFERENCES......Page 71
Description of TRISO-coated fuel particle......Page 18
Flow diagram of deep-burn concept......Page 20
Actinide mass balance for the deep-burn concept......Page 22
Layout of hexagonal graphite fuel element......Page 24
HTGR fuel reprocessing flow sheet ca......Page 29
TRISO-coated-he1 preparation options......Page 33
Different channel lengths to facilitate separate removal of the DF and TF......Page 36
Mechanical head-end processes common to most processing options......Page 40
Concept of countercurrent leaching process......Page 42
Example of a commercially available steam jet mill......Page 44
pencil-tank dissolver......Page 46
Pyroprocessing flow sheet......Page 48
exit helium temperatures with fuel rods and separate graphite block......Page 54
Swedish SFR silo for intermediate wastes......Page 58
Alternative waste products from different HTGR process options......Page 59
HTGR processing to produce graphite-carbon HLW form......Page 61
ES.1 Materials in one fuel element......Page 14
Materials in one spent HTGR fuel element......Page 25