Tribological Aspects of Additive Manufacturing (Emerging Materials and Technologies)

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors’ Brief Bios
List of Contributors
Chapter 1 Tribological Study of 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polymers
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Background
	1.3 Tribological Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers
	1.4 Lubrication Techniques to Reduce Wear Rate and Friction Behaviour
		1.4.1 Solid Lubricants
		1.4.2 Liquid Lubricants
		1.4.3 Self-lubricating Thermoplastic Materials
		1.4.4 Use of Composite Materials
	1.5 Sustainability Aspects Related to Tribological Properties of 3D-Printed Polymers
	1.6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 2 Investigation on Tribology of Additively Manufactured Metal Part
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Different AM Processes
		2.2.1 Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
		2.2.2 Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)
		2.2.3 Material Extrusion
		2.2.4 Binder Jetting
		2.2.5 Material Jetting
		2.2.6 Sheet Lamination
		2.2.7 Vat Photopolymerization
	2.3 Basic Tribology
		2.3.1 Surfaces and Contacts
		2.3.2 Friction
		2.3.3 Wear
	2.4 Influence of Different Factors on Tribological Properties of Additively Manufactured (AMed) Materials
		2.4.1 The Influence of Surface Finish
		2.4.2 The Influence of Microstructure
	2.5 Tribological Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloys
		2.5.1 Characteristics of Titanium Alloys
		2.5.2 Categories and Grades
		2.5.3 Factors Influencing the Additive Manufacturing of Ti Alloys
		2.5.4 Wear Analysis of Ti Alloys
	2.6 Tribological Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Aluminium Alloys
		2.6.1 Categories
		2.6.2 Wear Analysis of Aluminium Alloys
	2.7 Tribological Behaviour of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel
		2.7.1 Properties and Characteristics
		2.7.2 Types and Grades
		2.7.3 Wear Analysis of AMed Steel Alloys
	2.8 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 3 Tribological Properties of Polymer-Reinforced Matrix Composite Prepared by Additive Manufacturing
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Literature Survey on Polymer Composites
	3.3 Methods and Experimentation
		3.3.1 Materials
		3.3.2 Preparation of Composite Filament
		3.3.3 Manufacturing of 3D-Printed Samples
		3.3.4 Wear Testing
	3.4 Result and Discussion
	3.5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 4 Tribocorrosion Properties of Additively Manufactured Parts
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Additive Manufacturing
		4.2.1 Industrial Applications of AM
	4.3 Tribocorrosion
	4.4 Tribology of Additive Manufactured Orthopedic Implants
		4.4.1 Friction and Wear
		4.4.2 Lubricating Behavior
	4.5 Orthopedic Uses for Texturing AM Parts
	4.6 AM Orthopedic Components’ Corrosion Behavior
	4.7 Obstacles with AM Orthopedic Implants
	4.8 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 5 Future Trends in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process for Tribological Applications
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Fundamentals of LPBF for Tribological Applications
		5.2.1 Introduction to LPBF
		5.2.2 Material Selection and Characteristics for Tribology
		5.2.3 Tribological Challenges Addressed by LPBF
	5.3 State of the Art in LPBF for Tribological Applications
		5.3.1 Case Studies
	5.4 Design Considerations for Tribological Performance
		5.4.1 Topology Optimization for LPBF Components
		5.4.2 Lattice Structures and Their Tribological Benefits
		5.4.3 Surface Texturing and Its Impact on Friction and Wear
	5.5 Challenges and Future Directions
		5.5.1 Residual Stresses and Microstructural Defects
		5.5.2 Standardization and Testing Protocols
		5.5.3 Multi-Material Printing and Integration
	5.6 Industry Applications and Case Studies
	5.7 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 6 Role of Natural Fiber-Based Composite on Wear and Friction Resistance
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Natural Fibers
	6.3 Tribology
		6.3.1 Pin on Drum
		6.3.2 Pin on Disk
		6.3.3 Block on Ring
		6.3.4 Block on Disk
		6.3.5 Linear Tribo Machine
		6.3.6 Dry Sand Rubber Wheel
	6.4 Description of AM 3DP Technique
		6.4.1 Fused Filament Fabrication
		6.4.2 Direct Write
		6.4.3 Stereolithography
		6.4.4 Selective Laser Sintering
		6.4.5 Binder Jetting
	6.5 Wear Performance of 3D AM Composites
		6.5.1 Biogenic Carbon/PLA Composite
		6.5.2 Flex Yarn/PLA Composite
		6.5.3 Grewia/Nettle/Sisal/PLA Composite
		6.5.4 Corn Cob/PLA Composite
		6.5.5 Date Particle/PLA Composite
	6.6 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 7 Study on the Effect of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites on Tribological Properties
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Tribological Analysis of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites
	7.3 Case Studies
	7.4 Applications and Future in 3D-Printed Carbon Fiber Composites
	7.5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 8 Impact of 3D Printing Process Parameters on Tribological Behaviour of Polymers
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Types of 3D Printing
		8.2.1 Fused Deposition Modelling Printing
		8.2.2 Stereolithography
		8.2.3 Selective Laser Sintering
		8.2.4 3D Inkjet Printer
		8.2.5 Binder Jetting Printer
	8.3 3DP Process Parameters
	8.4 Polymer Additive Manufacturing
	8.5 Metal Additive Manufacturing
	8.6 Composite Additive Manufacturing
	8.7 Materials Used in 3D Printing
	8.8 Tribological Properties of Polymers and Composites
	8.9 Parameters Affecting the Tribological Properties of Polymers
		8.9.1 Structure of the Polymer
		8.9.2 Viscoelasticity
		8.9.3 Transfer Film
		8.9.4 Polymer Wear
	8.10 Significance of Tribological Properties in Additive Manufacturing
	8.11 Effect of Post-Processing on Tribological Properties
	8.12 Conclusion and Future Scope
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 9 Effect of the Tribological Properties on Structural Applications of 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Composites
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Research Gap and Problem Formulation
	9.3 Experimentation
	9.4 Results and Discussion
	9.5 Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 10 Effect of Surface Texturing on Tribological Behavior of Additively Manufactured Parts
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Tribological Behavior of Polymer Parts
	10.3 Tribological Behavior of Metal Parts
	10.4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 11 Trends of Tribology in Biomedical Application of Additively Manufactured Parts
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Tribology Tests for Biomedical Components
	11.3 Parameters Influencing the Tribological Properties of AM Parts for Biomedical Application
		11.3.1 Material Section
		11.3.2 Surface Modification Techniques
	11.4 In Vitro Wear Study of AM Parts
	11.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges
	11.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12 Tribological Effect of 3D Printing in Industrial Applications
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Overview of 3D Printing Technology
		12.2.1 Materials
		12.2.2 Printing Technologies
	12.3 Applications
		12.3.1 Tribological Effect of 3D Printing in Industrial Applications
	12.4 Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on Tribological Behaviour
	12.5 Real-Life Applications of 3D Printing and Tribology
		12.5.1 Customized Prosthetics
		12.5.2 Transradial
		12.5.3 Transhumeral
		12.5.4 Transtibial
		12.5.5 Transfemoral
		12.5.6 Bearings and Bushings
		12.5.7 Aerospace Components
		12.5.8 Tooling and Mold Manufacturing
		12.5.9 Automotive Applications
	12.6 Biomedical Devices
	12.7 Robotics and Mechanisms
		12.7.1 Anisotropy in 3D-Printed Components and Its Tribological Effects
	12.8 Future Directions and Research Opportunities of Tribological Effect of 3D Printing
	12.9 Global Status of Tribological Effect of 3D Printing in Research
	12.10 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 13 Emerging Applications of 3D-Printed Parts with Enhanced Tribological Properties
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Friction and Wear
	13.3 Tribology and Lubrication
	13.4 Tribology and 3D Printing
	13.5 3D Printing Techniques
		13.5.1 Extrusion-Based Technique
		13.5.2 Vat Photopolymerization
		13.5.3 Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)
		13.5.4 Material Jetting
		13.5.5 Binder Jetting
		13.5.6 Sheet Lamination
		13.5.7 Direct Energy Deposition
	13.6 Industrial Applications
		13.6.1 Classical and Open Systems Tribology
		13.6.2 Biotribology
		13.6.3 Nanotribology
		13.6.4 Tribotronics
		13.6.5 Aerospace Tribology
	13.7 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index