Trends in Personalized Nutrition

Trends in Personalized Nutrition\nCopyright\nList of Contributors\nPreface\n1 An Introduction to Personalized Nutrition\n	Introduction\n		What, How, and Why\n		Where It Comes From?\n		Strategies to Deliver Personalized Dietary Advice\n	Biological Variability: From Genomics to Systems Biology\n		Genes\n		Gut Microbiota\n		Foodomics\n		Other “Omics” Repertoires and Systems Biology Approaches\n	Role of Behavior, Limitations, and Ethical Issues\n	Future Perspectives\n		From Knowledge to Practice\n		“Omic” Technologies\n		Big Data and Machine Learning\n		What Is Needed for the Future?\n	References\n2 Guidelines to Evaluate the Scientific Validity for Genotype-Based Dietary Advice\n	Introduction\n	Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics\n	How Should We Assess the Evidence in Nutrigenetics?\n	What Needs to be Assessed?\n	Utility and Randomized Controlled Trials\n		Randomized Clinical Trials\n		Primary Prevention in High-Risk Groups\n		Secondary Prevention in Subjects with Pathology\n	Conclusions\n	Where are We Today About Validating Personal Nutrition?\n	To Summarize—Some Components of a Personalized Nutrition\n	Appendix\n		The Global Nutrigenetics Knowledge Network Guidelines (from the Food4Me Project)\n	Framework for Evidence Assessment\n	Scientific Validity Assessment of a Putative Gene×Diet Interaction\n		Convincing\n		Probable\n		Possible\n		Not Demonstrated\n	References\n3 Personalized Nutrition by Predicting Glycemic Responses\n	Introduction\n	Current Methods for Glucose Response Prediction\n		Meal Carbohydrate Content\n		Glycemic Index\n		Fiber Content\n		Physical Activity\n	Variability in Glucose Responses\n	Method\n		Search Strategy\n		Selection Process and Data Extraction\n	Results\n		Personalized Nutrition\n		Gut Microbiota\n		Eating Behavior\n		Phenotype\n		Genotype\n		Physical Activity\n	Conclusions\n	References\n4 The Role of Bacteria in Personalized Nutrition\n	Introduction\n		The Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome Establishment\n			How Has Evolution Shaped and Protected the Continuity of the GI Tract Microbial Ecology Within the Human Host?\n			How Do Bacteria Adapt so Quickly?\n			What Are Probiotics?\n			Importance of a GI Tract Symbiotic Microbiome for Micronutrients\n			Importance of a GI Tract Symbiotic Microbiome for the Immune System\n		Why is Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota Detrimental to General Health?\n			Dysbiosis in IBS\n			Oral Biofilm Dysbiosis and Brain Health\n			Importance of Symbiotic Oral/Gut Biofilms for Normal Brain Function\n			Dysbiosis in Depressive Mental Health Disorders\n			Dysbiosis in Other Mental Health Disorders\n			Microbial Intervention\n			What are Prebiotics?\n			Management of Subgingival Microbiome via Diet to Protect the Brain\n			Management of IBS via Diet\n			Management of Mental Health via Diet\n		Future Perspectives\n		Conclusions on the Role of Bacteria in Personalized Nutrition\n	References\n	Further Reading\n5 Cognitive Dissonance in Food and Nutrition\n	Introduction\n		Dietary Choices and the Attitude–Behavior Link\n	Cognitive Dissonance Theory in Food and Nutrition\n		CDT and Health/Nutrition Messages About Food\n		CDT and Changing Food Attitudes/Behaviors\n		Need for Unified Cognitive Dissonance Theorization in Food and Nutrition\n	The Food Cognition Dissonance (FCD) Conceptual Framework\n		Using the FCD Conceptual Framework in Research—Construct Instrumentation\n		Using the FCD Conceptual Framework in Public Health and Nutrition Research—Illustration(s)\n	Locating Cognitive Dissonance (and Its Role) in the Overall Scheme of Food and Nutrition Research\n	Conclusion\n	References\n	Further Reading\n6 Trends, Insights, and Approaches to Diet and Obesity\n	General Concepts\n	Diagnosis Criteria\n	Epidemiology\n	Causes\n		Genetic Factors\n		Psychological Factors\n		Dietary Factors\n			Nutrients, Foods, and Beverages\n			Dietary Patterns\n		Sedentarism and Physical Activity\n		Sleep Habits\n		Factors Associated With Obesity: Sociodemographic Factors\n	Associated Comorbidities\n	Prevention Obesity Strategies\n		Environmental Factors\n		Behavioral Strategies\n		Support of Health Services and Clinical Interventions\n	Future Approaches\n	Obesity Treatment\n		Obesity Treatment Objectives\n		Specific Treatment Components\n			Dietary Advice\n			Physical Activity\n			Cognitive Behavioral Therapy\n			Pharmacological Support\n			Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery\n	Conclusion\n	References\n7 Personalized Nutrition for Women, Infants, and Children\n	Introduction\n	Personalized Nutrition for Women: Maternal and Adolescent Nutrition\n		Introduction\n		Global and Regional Epidemiology of Maternal Malnutrition\n		Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy and Preconception\n		Complications of Inadequate Nutrient Intake During Pregnancy and Preconception\n		Personalized Interventions to Promote Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy\n	Personalized Nutrition for Infants and Children\n		Introduction\n		Child Nutritional Status (Undernutrition and Overweight)\n		Factors Affecting the Nutrition Status of Children\n		Factors Influencing Child Feeding Practices in Urban Poor Settings (Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding)\n		Personalized Nutrition Interventions to Address Child Undernutrition\n			Promotion of Optimal Breastfeeding\n			Complementary Feeding and Micronutrient Supplementation\n	Economic and Social Returns on Investments of Personalized Nutrition Interventions for Women, Infants, and Children\n	Impending Implementation Research of Personalized Nutrition Programs for Women, Infants, and Children in LMICs\n		Human Milk Banking\n		Workplace Support for Breastfeeding\n	Conclusion\n	References\n8 Modern Technologies for Personalized Nutrition\n	Introduction\n		What Might Smart Personalized Nutrition Look Like?\n	Modern Technologies and Food Acquisition\n		Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Food Selection\n		Smart Kitchen Appliances and Intelligent Automated Food Ordering\n	Modern Technologies, Nutrition, and Health\n		The Rise of eHealth and mHealth\n		Nutritional Phenotyping\n		Connected Medical Devices\n	Modern Technologies and Food Intake\n		Inferential Approach\n		Direct Approach\n	Modern Technologies and Energy Expenditure (Exercise)\n		Wearable Technology: Activity Trackers and Smart Watches\n	Modern Technologies and Food Preparation\n		Assistive Kitchens\n		Automated Food Preparation\n		3-D Printed Food\n	Modern Technologies and Food Composition\n		Labeling\n		Intelligent Packaging\n		Sensing and Analysis\n		Allergens and Other Undesirables\n	Bringing It All Together\n		The Intelligent Kitchen and Its Role in Personalized Nutrition\n		Food Service and Management of Personalized Nutrition\n		The eHealth and mHealth Environment—Toward a Personal Virtual Dietitian\n		The Artificial Intelligence Engine That Drives Personalized Nutrition\n		A Potential Architecture of a Personalized Nutrition System\n	Areas That Need to be Addressed\n		Privacy and Security\n		Food Monitoring\n		Reliability and Consistency of Smartphone Apps\n		Nutritional Values and Bioaccessibility\n	Future Perspective\n	Conclusion\n	References\n	Further Reading\n9 Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition\n	Introduction\n	Concept, Areas, and Applications of Personalized Nutrition\n	Consumer Judgment of Personalized Nutrition and Nutrigenomics\n	Factors Influencing the Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition\n		Consumer Doubts About the Protection of Personal Data and Information (Privacy Risk)\n		Nature of Personalized Nutrition Advice\n		Availability and Reliability of Information\n		Interrelationships Between Genes and Nutrition\n		Demographic Factors\n		Being Personally Affected\n		Prevention of Diseases\n		Health Conscious Lifestyle\n		Consumers’ Information Processing\n		Convenience Function and Time Factor\n		Costs\n		The Nature of Different Foods\n	Comprehensive Models of Factors Influencing the Consumer Acceptance of Genetic-Based Personalized Nutrition\n	Consumer Acceptance of Personalized Nutrition in Central Europe: The Case of Hungary\n	The Future of Personalized Nutrition\n	References\n10 Personalized Nutrition: Making It Happen\n	Current Evidence, What it Means and How Reliable is It?\n		What is Personalized Nutrition?\n		Personalized Nutrition in Practice—Does It Work?\n		How Firm is the Science-Base for Personalized Nutrition?\n	What Does the Consumer Want From Personalized Nutrition?\n		What are the Consumer-Perceived Barriers to Uptake of Personalized Nutrition?\n		Who Should Deliver Personalized Nutrition?\n	Implementation of Personalized Nutrition in Practice: Implications for Nutrition/Health Professionals\n		What Can We Learn From Dietitians Who Have Already Adopted Personalized Nutrition?\n		What are the Challenges Faced by Nutrition Professionals in Acquiring the Skills Necessary to Bring Personalized Nutrition ...\n		What is Needed to Widen Access to Personalized Nutrition in the Future?\n	Conclusions\n	References\n11 Personalized Nutrition Education to the Adherence to Dietary and Physical Activity Recommendations\n	Health and Nutrition Education Challenges\n	Current Dietary and Physical Activity Guidelines\n		Nutrition Recommendations\n		Dietary Guidelines\n		Physical Activity Recommendations\n	Determinants of Food Choice\n		Individual Determinants\n		Environment Determinants\n		Socioeconomics Determinants\n		Mass Media and Food Advertising\n	Personalized Nutrition Education Interventions\n	Effectiveness of Personalized Nutrition Education Intervention\n		Specific and Practical Approach\n		Determinants of Dietary Behavior Change\n			Nutrition Knowledge and Food Literacy\n			Psychosocial Influences as Determinants of Action and Behavior Change\n		Theory-Based Interventions\n		Levels of Influence in the Food Choice and Dietary Behavior\n		Use of Appropriate Behavior Change Strategies\n			Motivation to Change\n			Action Plan for Dietary Behavior Change\n			Environmental Support to Achieve Behavior Changes\n	Methodology for Personalized Nutrition Education\n		Nutrition Care Process Applied to Personalized Nutrition Education\n			Nutrition Assessment\n			Nutritional Diagnosis\n			Nutrition Intervention\n			Monitoring and Evaluation\n		Effective Interview in the Nutrition Consultation\n		Motivational Interviewing\n		Nutrition Educator Profile\n	Nutrition Education DESIGN Procedure in the Personalized Nutrition Education\n		Step 1. Decide Behaviors\n		Step 2. Explore Determinants of Change\n		Step 3. Select Theory and Clarify Philosophy\n		Step 4. Indicate General Objectives\n		Step 5. Generate Action Plans\n		Step 6. Nail Down Evaluation Plan\n	Other Aspects to Take into Account in Personalized Nutritional Education\n	Conclusion\n	References\n12 Personalized Expert Recommendation Systems for Optimized Nutrition\n	Introduction\n	Nutrients and Genes Correlation Data\n	Scalable Food Categorization\n	Personalized Recommendation System\n	Framework Personalized Expert Recommendation System for Optimized Nutrition\n	Conclusion and Outlook\n	References\n	Further Reading\nIndex\nПустая страница