Trends in International Migration: SOPEMI - 2003 Edition

Foreword......Page 5
General introduction......Page 17
Overview of migration trends and foreign population in OECD countries......Page 21
Table of contents......Page 7
Main trends in international migration......Page 23
Summary......Page 24
1. Trends in migration movements......Page 25
Chart I.1. Inflows of foreigners in some OECD countries, 1980-2001......Page 26
Box I.1. Migration statistics......Page 28
Table I.1. Entries of temporary workers in certain OECD countries by principal categories, 1992, 1998-2001......Page 30
Table I.1. Entries of temporary workers in certain OECD countries by principal categories, 1992, 1998-2001 (cont.)......Page 31
Table I.2. Intracompany transferees in selected OECD countries, 1996-2001......Page 33
Table I.3. Cross-border workers in selected OECD countries, 1996-2001......Page 34
Chart I.2. Permanent and long-term immigration flows into selected OECD countries by main categories1 in 2001......Page 35
Table I.4. Inflows of asylum seekers in 2002......Page 36
Table I.5. Stock of foreign students in selected OECD countries, 2001......Page 38
Chart I.3. Change in inflows of migrants by country of origin to selected OECD countries, 1990-2000 and 2001......Page 40
Chart I.3. Change in inflows of migrants by country of origin to selected OECD countries, 1990-2000 and 2001 (cont.)......Page 41
Table I.6. Relative importance of the top 5 countries in the total immigration flows and stocks of foreigners in selected OECD countries......Page 42
Table I.6. Relative importance of the top 5 countries in the total immigration flows and stocks of foreigners in selected OECD countries (cont.)......Page 43
2. Change in the foreign population......Page 44
Chart I.4. Stocks of foreign and foreign-born populations in selected OECD countries, 2001......Page 45
Table I.7. Foreign or foreign-born population in selected OECD countries, 1996 and 2001......Page 46
Chart I.5. Total stock of foreigners and foreign-born in OECD countries by region of origin, 2001......Page 47
Chart I.6. Components of total population growth in the European Union and selected OECD countries, 1960-2001......Page 49
Chart I.6. Components of total population growth in the European Union and selected OECD countries, 1960-2001 (cont.)......Page 50
1. The status of foreigners in the labour markets of OECD countries in 2002......Page 51
Table I.8. Foreign or foreign-born labour force in selected OECD countries, 1995 and 2002......Page 52
Table I.9. Participation rate and unemployment rate of nationals and foreigners by sex in selected OECD countries, 2001-2002 average......Page 53
Chart I.7. Participation rate of foreigners by country or region of nationality, selected OECD countries, 2002......Page 54
Chart I.8. Proportion of foreigners or foreign-born in total unemployment, relative to their share of the labour force, 2001-2002 average......Page 55
Table I.10. Foreign and national adult (25-64) populations classified by level of education in selected OECD countries......Page 56
Table I.11. Additional jobs required to equalise national and foreign unemployment rates in selected OECD countries, 2002......Page 57
Table I.12. Employment of foreigners by sectors, 2001-2002 average......Page 58
Box I.2. The growing importance of foreign workers in providing care for the elderly and children......Page 59
2. Foreign labour in the past decade......Page 60
Chart I.9. Changes in foreign and total employment during economic recoveries......Page 61
Chart I.10. Unemployment of foreigners and contribution of foreign employment to the increase of total employment between 1994 and 2002 in selected OECD countries......Page 62
Table I.13. Distribution of education attainment between foreign entries and exits from the labour force between 1994 and 2002, compared to that of nationals and all foreigners in the labour force in 1994, selected OECD countries......Page 63
Chart I.11. Employment and unemployment rate for selected categories of workers according to nationality, 2001-2002 average......Page 65
Chart I.12. Composition of foreign non-employment by sex and proportion in total non-employment in 2002 in selected OECD countries......Page 67
Chart I.13. “Atypical” employment by nationality in selected European OECD countries and in the United States, 2002......Page 68
1. Policies for controlling flows and fighting irregular migration......Page 69
Table I.14. Main regularisation programmes of immigrants in an irregular situation in selected OECD countries, by nationality......Page 73
2. Renewed interest in selective labour-related migration policies......Page 74
Box I.3. Bilateral labour agreements and other forms of recruitment of foreign workers: evaluation and prospects......Page 75
Box I.3. Bilateral labour agreements and other forms of recruitment of foreign workers: evaluation and prospects (cont.)......Page 76
3. Improving measures to facilitate the labour market and social integration of immigrants......Page 79
Box I.4. The economic and social aspects of migration......Page 80
Chart I.14. Naturalisation rate in selected OECD countries, 1990-2001......Page 81
4. The emergence of a European immigration policy7......Page 82
Notes......Page 87
Regional aspects of Migration......Page 91
Introduction......Page 92
1. The choice of residence of immigrants: an overview of the main issues......Page 93
Map II.1. Foreign population in the European regions, 2001......Page 94
Map II.3. Foreign-born population in the Canadian regions, 2001......Page 95
Map II.4. Foreign-born population in the United States, 2000......Page 96
Chart II.1. Geographic concentration of foreigners, 20011......Page 97
Chart II.2. Size and concentration of the foreign population, 20011......Page 98
Table 3. Concentration of foreigners by type of regions, 20011......Page 99
Chart II.3. Regional attractiveness and concentration of foreigners, 2001......Page 100
Box II.2. Cross-border workers in the European Union......Page 101
Map II.5. Income per household in the United States, 1999......Page 102
Map II.6. Distribution of the foreign-born population by state in the United States, 2000......Page 104
Map II.7. Distribution of the foreign population in the European regions, 2001......Page 105
Map II.7. Distribution of the foreign population in the European regions, 2001 (cont.)......Page 106
2. Implementation of regional programmes for migration......Page 108
Table II.3. Visas delivered in the framework of the regional programmes, Australia, 1996-2003......Page 109
Table II.4. Distribution of inflows and stocks of immigrants by states/territories, selected SSRM Initiatives, Australia, 2002-2003......Page 110
Notes......Page 111
References......Page 112
The Adjusted Geographic Concentration index (AGC)......Page 113
Immigrant and non-immigrant flows and stock of foreign-born persons: distribution of immigrants by state of intended residence, for various admission categories and places of birth, United States, 2000......Page 114
Immigrant and non-immigrant flows and stock of foreign-born persons: distribution of immigrants by state of intended residence, for various admission categories and places of birth, United States, 2000 (cont.)......Page 115
The international mobility of health professionals......Page 117
Introduction......Page 118
1. Movements of highly skilled workers to and from South Africa: a historical perspective......Page 119
Chart III.2. Emigration of South African professionals, 1980-2000 (official data)......Page 120
Chart III.3. Evolution of migration flows in South Africa, 1989-2001 (official and adjusted data)......Page 121
Box III.2. Forecasting the emigration of highly skilled South Africans......Page 122
2. A review of the human resources situation in the healthcare sector in South Africa: the role of international mobility......Page 123
Table III.2. Number of health professionals registered with their respective councils, 1996-2001......Page 124
Chart III.4. Migration flows of health professionals in South Africa, 1988-2000 (official data)......Page 125
Chart III.5. Migration flows of health professionals in South Africa by categories, 1988-2000 (official data)......Page 126
Chart III.7. Intentions declared by young South African doctors for assignment at the end of community service, 1999-2001......Page 127
Table III.4. United Kingdom recruitment of South African nurses......Page 128
3. Causes and consequences of international mobility of health professionals......Page 130
4. Some aspects of South African government policies to stem emigration by the highly skilled......Page 133
5. The lessons of the South African experience with regard to the international mobility of health professionals: greater international co-operation and policy coherence......Page 137
Conclusion......Page 141
Notes......Page 142
Bibliography......Page 145
Table III.A1. Distribution of official migration flows by occupation, 1988-2000......Page 148
Table III.A1. Distribution of official migration flows by occupation, 1988-2000 (cont.)......Page 149
Table III.A1. Distribution of official migration flows by occupation, 1988-2000 (cont.)......Page 150
Table III.A1. Distribution of official migration flows by occupation, 1988-2000 (cont.)......Page 151
List of countries and regions for which NHS decided not to actively recruit health professionals......Page 152
Notes......Page 153
(Country notes)......Page 155
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign-born population......Page 156
Table IV.1. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign-born population, Australia......Page 157
2. Policy developments......Page 158
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 160
Table IV.2. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Austria......Page 161
2. Policy developments......Page 163
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 164
Table IV.3. Components of population changes since 1990, Baltic States......Page 165
2. Policy developments......Page 167
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 170
Table IV.4. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Belgium......Page 171
2. Policy developments......Page 172
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 174
Table IV.5. Current figures on foreign flows and stocks, Bulgaria......Page 176
2. Policy developments......Page 175
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign-born population......Page 178
Table IV.6. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign-born population, Canada......Page 179
2. Policy developments......Page 180
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 183
Table IV.7. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreigners, Czech Republic......Page 184
2. Policy developments......Page 186
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 187
Table IV.8. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Denmark......Page 189
2. Policy developments......Page 190
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 191
Table IV.9. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population, Finland......Page 192
2. Policy developments......Page 193
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 195
Table IV.10. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, France......Page 196
2. Policy developments......Page 198
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 201
Table IV.11. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Germany......Page 202
Table IV.11. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force (cont.)......Page 203
2. Policy developments......Page 204
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 205
Table IV.12. First results of the 2001 Population Census, Greece......Page 206
2. Policy developments......Page 207
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 209
Table IV.13. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population, Hungary......Page 210
2. Policy developments......Page 211
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 213
Table IV.14. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Ireland......Page 214
2. Policy developments......Page 216
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 218
Table IV.15. Current figures on foreign population, Italy......Page 219
2. Policy developments......Page 220
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 222
Table IV.16. Inflows of foreigners by status of residence, 1998-2001, Japan......Page 223
Table IV.17. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Japan......Page 225
2. Policy developments......Page 224
1. Trends in migration movements and changes in the foreign population......Page 227
Table IV.18. Foreign workers by category, 1998-2001, Korea......Page 228
2. Policy developments......Page 229
1. Trends in migration movements and changes in the foreign population......Page 230
Table IV.19. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Luxembourg......Page 231
2. Policy developments......Page 233
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 235
Table IV.20. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population, Mexico......Page 236
2. Policy developments......Page 237
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 239
Table IV.21. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Netherlands......Page 240
2. Policy developments......Page 242
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign-born population......Page 244
Table IV.22. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign-born population, New Zealand......Page 245
2. Policy developments......Page 246
Box IV.1. Working Holiday Makers......Page 247
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 248
Table IV.23. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population, Norway......Page 249
2. Policy developments......Page 250
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 253
Table IV.24. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreigners, Poland......Page 254
2. Policy developments......Page 256
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 257
Table IV.25. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Portugal......Page 258
2. Policy developments......Page 259
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 261
2. Policy developments......Page 263
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 265
Table IV.27. Current migration figures, Slovak Republic......Page 266
2. Policy developments......Page 267
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 269
Table IV.28. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Spain......Page 270
Box IV.2. The new quota system......Page 272
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 274
Table IV.29. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Sweden......Page 275
2. Policy developments......Page 276
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 279
Table IV.30. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, Switzerland......Page 280
2. Policy developments......Page 282
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 284
Table IV.31. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population, Turkey......Page 285
2. Policy developments......Page 286
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign population......Page 287
Table IV.32. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, United Kingdom......Page 288
Table IV.32. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign population and labour force, United Kingdom (cont.)......Page 289
2. Policy developments......Page 290
1. Trends in migration flows and changes in the foreign-born population......Page 292
Table IV.33. Current figures on flows and stocks of foreign-born population, United States......Page 293
2. Policy developments......Page 295