Trauma and Trauma Consequence Disorder: In Media, Management and Public

Foreword by Till Krauseneck
Foreword by Karin Parkhof
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
2 Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)—Definition, Classification, Epidemiology and History
	2.1  What is a Trauma?—Trauma Definition
	2.2  What Traumas are There?—Classifications of Traumas
	2.3  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
	2.4  Trauma-Related Disorders in Different Classifications
	2.5  What is How Often?—Epidemiology of PTSD
	2.6  The History of PTSD as a Diagnosis
	References
3 Physiology of a Traumatic Situation
	3.1  Why Feelings?—Basics of Emotions
	3.2  Acute Traumatisation and the Traumatic Pincer
		z	Subjective Life Threat!
		z	Fleeing or Fighting? Dissociation?
		z	Our Stone Age Ancestor and the Traumatic Clamp!
		z	Incorrect Storage!
	3.3  The Unbearable can be Borne!—Dissociation in the Traumatic Situation
	3.4  Early Intervention and Debriefing—Does Quick Help Help Quickly?
		z	How Can One Help People Who are Acutely Traumatized?
		z	Is an Early Therapeutic Intervention Useful? How Should it Look?
	3.5  What Protects?—Resilience
		z	What Contributes to High Resilience?
	3.6  What is at Risk?—Risk Factors for PTSD
	References
4 Symptoms of PTSD
	4.1  Core Symptoms of PTSD
		4.1.1  Intrusions
		4.1.2  Hyperarousal
		4.1.3  Avoidance Behavior
	4.2  Symptoms of Complex PTSD
	4.3  Dissociation and Dissociative Identity Structure as a Result of Severe, Complex and Chronic Traumatization
		z	Diagnostic Criteria for Dissociative Disorders According to Dell (2002)
	4.4  If Something Else Happens!—Comorbidities
		4.4.1  Anxiety Disorders
			z	Agoraphobia (Fear of Open Spaces)
			z	Panic Disorder
			z	Social Phobia
			z	Specific Phobias
			z	Generalized Anxiety Disorder
		4.4.2  Depressions
		4.4.3  Dependency Disorders
		4.4.4  Other Mental Illnesses
		4.4.5  Somatic Comorbidities
	4.5  Self-Injury and Suicidal Thoughts
	References
5 Dealing with Trauma and PTSD Privately and in Public
	5.1  Am I or the Others Going Crazy?—The Question of the What and Why
	5.2  Am I to Blame?—The Question of Why
	5.3  Break the Silence?
6 Trauma Coping and Professional Services
	6.1  What Can I Do Myself—Strategies for “Self-Therapeutic” Help
		6.1.1  If the Memory Keeps Coming Back!—Dealing with Flashbacks, Nightmares, Traumatic Memories
			z	Counter Stimuli (Skills)
		6.1.2  Not the Same Thing Again!—Dealing with Avoidance Behavior
		6.1.3  Always under Pressure!—Dealing with Hyperarousal
			z	Breathing Exercises
			z	Imagination Exercises
			z	Autogenic Training
			z	Progressive Muscle Relaxation
		6.1.4  When Half the Day is Missing!—Dealing with Dissociations
			z	Recognize Triggers
			z	Dissociation Chain
				z z	Example of a Dissociation Chain
			z	Anti-Dissociative Strategies
				z z	Examples of Skills
			z	Other Strategies against Dissociations are
		6.1.5  When the Mind Falls into the Trap!—The 10 Most Important Cognitive PTSD Traps
		6.1.6  Thought Carousel!—Dealing with Thought Circles
		6.1.7  When Fears Determine Life!—Dealing with Fears
		6.1.8  What to Do about Pain?
		6.1.9  When the Night Becomes Day!—Dealing with Sleep Disorders
		6.1.10  When Addiction has You in its Grip!—Dealing with Addiction
	6.2  Resources
	6.3  General Basics of Trauma Therapy
	6.4  Behavioral, Psychodynamic and Trauma-Specific Approaches
		z	Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy According to Ehlers and Clark
		z	Prolonged Exposure According to Foa (2007)
		6.4.1  Stabilization Phase
			Mindfulness and Level of Tension
				z z	“What Skills” or the Question: What Am I Doing?
				z z	“How-Skills” or the Question: How Do I Do It?
			Distancing Techniques
		6.4.2  Confrontation Phase
		6.4.3  Reorientation Phase
	6.5  Confrontation Procedures
		6.5.1  EMDR
		6.5.2  Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)
		6.5.3  PITT and Observer Technique
			z	The Observer Technique
		6.5.4  IRRT
	6.6  Medication
	References
7 How the Social Environment of Those Affected by Trauma and PTSD Deals with the Topic
8 Disease Prevention and Primary/Secondary Traumatization
	8.1  Prevention
	8.2  Secondary Traumatization
	References
9 Trauma and PTSD in Film and Literature
	9.1  Movies with the Theme of Trauma and PTSD
		z	“Born on July 4th”
			z z	Plot of the Film
		z	“Rambo”
			z z	Plot of the Film
		z	Copykill
			z z	Plot of the Film
		z	Mystic River
			z z	Plot of the Film
	9.2  Literary Works with the Theme of Trauma and PTSD
		z	“Macbeth”
			z z	Action of the Work
		z	“The Head of the Medusa” in Ovid’s Metamorphoses
			z z	Plot of the Work
10 Future Prospects, Manage Business and Everyday Life
	10.1  What Can I Do?
	10.2  Understanding as the First Step to a Solution
Recommended Reading
Index