Transport and Mobility Futures in Urban Africa (The Urban Book Series)

Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Introduction: Transport and Mobility Situations of African Cities
	References
Part I Urban Form, Accessibility and Travel Demand
2 Urban Form, Accessibility, and Travel Demand in African Cities: An Introduction
	2.1 Urban Form, Accessibility, and Travel Behaviour: Unpacking the Relationships
	2.2 Rapid Urbanization, Changing Urban Forms and Rising Inequalities of Access in African Cities
	References
3 Urban Form and Access to Public Transport in Accra, Ghana
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Quantifying Urban Expansion and Public Transport Access: Overview of Data and Approach
	3.3 Urban Physical Expansion and its Relationship with Transport Infrastructure in Accra
	3.4 Differential Access to Public Transport in Accra
	3.5 Discussion and Policy Implications
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
4 Disparities in Public Transport Coverage and Bus Service Quality in Algiers
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Data and Methodology
	4.3 Results
		4.3.1 General Structure of the Bus Network
		4.3.2 Characteristics of the Bus Line Network Supply
		4.3.3 Typology of Municipalities by Quality of Public Transport
	4.4 Discussion
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 An Analysis of the Determinants of Travel Demand Patterns in Ghana
	5.1 Background and Objectives
	5.2 Data
		5.2.1 Data for Modelling Household Vehicle Fleet Ownership
		5.2.2 Data for Modelling Trip Frequencies by Mode
	5.3 Modelling Methodolgy
		5.3.1 Methodology for Household Vehicle Fleet Ownership
		5.3.2 Methodology for Trip Frequencies by Mode
	5.4 Empirical Results
		5.4.1 Results for the Household Vehicle Fleet Ownership
		5.4.2 Results for Trip Frequencies by Mode
	5.5 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Part II Transport Poverty, Equity and Inclusion
6 Transport Poverty and Social Divisions in African Cities: An Introduction
	6.1 Defining Transport Poverty
	6.2 The Social Distributions of Transport Poverty
	6.3 Transport Poverty as a Failure of Transport Governance
	References
7 Mobility Regimes and Equity in Urban Transport: Examining Women’s Mobility Experiences in Accra
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Grasping a Mobility Regime: Reading Mobility Experiences
	7.3 Meeting Obstacles in the Urban Landscape During the Daily Commute
	7.4 Tackling Economic and Domestic Responsibilities in Everyday Life
	7.5 Identification and Self-identification: Being a Mobile Individual
	7.6 Towards Equity in Urban Transport
	Notes
	References
8 Community Severance in Urban Africa
	8.1 Introduction: What is Community Severance?
	8.2 Looking Back—What Do We Know About Community Severance in Africa?
		8.2.1 Unequal Infrastructure Provision
		8.2.2 Unequal Risk
		8.2.3 Unequal Mobility
	8.3 Looking Closely—Community Severance in Praia, Cabo Verde
	8.4 Looking Ahead—Community Severance and the Future of Urban Mobility in Africa
	References
9 Transport Poverty, Distance Covered to Access to Basic Infrastructures and Modal Choice in Urban Cities in Cameroon
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 A Review of the Literature on Transport Poverty and Mobility Habits
	9.3 Methodology
		9.3.1 Regression Model Choice
		9.3.2 The Recursive Triprobit Model
	9.4 Database and Descriptive Statistics
	9.5 Results
		9.5.1 Cross-Effect Analyse Between Poverty, Distance Travelled and Transport Modal Choice
		9.5.2 Predicted Probabilities of Combined Effects of Poverty, Distance Travelled and Modal Choices in Cameroon
	9.6 Discussion
	9.7 Conclusion
	References
10 Conceptualising an Urban Transport Framework for Enhanced Quality of Life in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Studies of Ghana and Namibia
	10.1 Introduction: Urban Transport and Quality of Life
	10.2 Conceptualising Urban Transport and Quality of Life in Africa
	10.3 Ghana
		10.3.1 Environment
		10.3.2 Health
		10.3.3 Equity
	10.4 Namibia
		10.4.1 Environment
		10.4.2 Health
		10.4.3 Equity
	10.5 Syntheses and Observations
	10.6 Implications and Conclusion
	References
Part III Public Transport Policy and Governance
11 Public Transport Policy and Governance in African Cities: An Introduction
	11.1 Public Transport Services and Governance: An Overview
	11.2 Public Transport Service Challenges
	11.3 Public Transport Reforms in African Cities
	References
12 Bus Rapid Transit Implementation in African Cities: The Case for a More Incremental Reform Approach
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Components of BRT
	12.3 BRT Implementation Approaches
	12.4 BRT Implementation in African Cities
		12.4.1 Lagos
		12.4.2 Johannesburg
		12.4.3 Accra
	12.5 A New BRT Implementation Approach for African Cities
	12.6 Conclusion
	References
13 Pricing Transport Services in Urban Ghana—The Politics and Socio-Spatial Conflicts Between Transport Operators and the State
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 The Political Economy of Public Transport Service Pricing
	13.3 Exploring the Politics of Public Transport Pricing in Kumasi, Ghana—Overview of Research Approach
	13.4 Public Transport Governance in Kumasi—Evolution, Institutions and Actors
		13.4.1 Evolution of Public Transport Governance
		13.4.2 Public Sector Failures and Dominance of Private Sector Operations
		13.4.3 Public Transportation and Pricing in Kumasi: Respondents’ Perspective
	13.5 Discussion
	13.6 Conclusion
	References
14 Safe, Inclusive Public Transport in Africa—Challenges and Opportunities Identified in Ghana and Namibia
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 African Public Transport Safety
	14.3 Observations from Ghana
	14.4 Observations from Namibia
	14.5 Safe System Approach and the Role of Technological Innovation
	14.6 Steps Towards Realization
	References
Part IV Non-motorized Transport and Traffic Safety
15 Non-motorized Transport and Traffic Safety in African Cities: An Introduction
	15.1 Understanding NMT and Traffic Safety: An Overview
	15.2 NMT and Sustainability of Urban Transport Systems in Africa
	References
16 Planning for Walkability in Johannesburg
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Conceptualizing Walkability
	16.3 Making the Case for Walkability in Johannesburg
		16.3.1 Pedestrian-Friendly Policies
		16.3.2 Examples of Pedestrian-Friendly Projects
	16.4 Concluding Remarks
	References
17 Exploring Barriers and Prospects of Bicycle Transportation: A Case Study of a Ghanaian University Campus
	17.1 Introduction
		17.1.1 Conceptual Framework for the Study
	17.2 Materials and Methods
		17.2.1 The Case Study Area and its Transportation System
		17.2.2 Survey: Questionnaire Design and Data Collection
		17.2.3 Approach for Analysis
	17.3 Results
		17.3.1 Respondents\' On-Campus Travel Behavior
		17.3.2 Factors Underlying Low Bicycle Use
		17.3.3 Willingness to Cycle
	17.4 Discussion and Implications
	17.5 Conclusion
	References
18 The Provision of Non-Motorised Transport Infrastructure in the City of Lusaka: An Analysis of Policy, Practice
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Research Methods, Data Collection, and Analysis
		18.2.1 Study Setting
	18.3 Research Findings
		18.3.1 State of NMT Infrastructure on Selected Roads
		18.3.2 Challenges of NMT Use in the City
	18.4 Integration of NMT Infrastructure in Policies of the City of Lusaka
		18.4.1 Transport Policy, 2016
		18.4.2 Road Traffic and Public Roads Acts
		18.4.3 NMT Strategy, 2019
	18.5 Conclusion
	References
19 The Future of Non-motorised Transport in Urban Africa
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Role of NMT in Improving Urban Mobility of African Cities
	19.3 Trends and Conditions of NMT
	19.4 Method
	19.5 Case Studies: NMT in Selected African Countries
		19.5.1 Brief Background of the Cities
		19.5.2 Current Condition
		19.5.3 Opportunities for Improving NMT Infrastructure in Selected Cities
		19.5.4 Challenges in NMT Development
	19.6 Design of NMT Environment
	19.7 Policy Development to Encourage NMT Use in African Cities
	19.8 Conclusion and Policy Recommendation
	References
Part V ICT, Platforms and New Technologies
20 ICTs, Digital Platform Mobility Services, and Transport Decarbonisation in African Cities: An Introduction
	20.1 ICT, Digital Platforms and New Mobility Solutions
	20.2 Beyond ICT and Digital Platforms: Transitioning to Eco-Friendly Transportation in African Cities
	References
21 Opportunities and Challenges for Addressing Personal Security on Public Transport Through ICTs in South African Cities
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Previous Research into Addressing Personal Security Concerns in Public Transport Environments
	21.3 Current Crime and Security Measures
		21.3.1 South African Public Transport Security Context
		21.3.2 Governing Security: Institutional Measures to Provide Safe + Secure Public Transport
		21.3.3 Operator Responsibilities: Minibus Taxis
		21.3.4 Operator Responsibilities: Passenger Rail
		21.3.5 Operator Responsibilities: Commuter Buses
		21.3.6 Towards ICTs for Approaching Passenger Security
	21.4 Survey of Existing ICT Methods to Address Personal Security
		21.4.1 Awareness Campaigns
		21.4.2 Crowdsourced Incident Data
		21.4.3 Security Alert Features
		21.4.4 Trip Tracking
		21.4.5 Driver Verification
		21.4.6 Driver Rating
	21.5 Discussion
	21.6 Conclusion
	References
22 Smart Mobility in Urban Africa: Geography of Diffusion, User Characteristics and Emerging Impacts of Digital Platform/app-Based Mobility Services
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Geography of the Diffusion of Digital Platform Mobility Solutions
	22.3 Platform Mobility Services in Ghana: User Characteristics and Emerging Impacts
		22.3.1 Overview of the Survey Data
		22.3.2 Who is Using Ride-Hailing and Why?
		22.3.3 What Are the Travel Behaviours Associated with Ride-Hailing?
		22.3.4 What Are the Emerging Safety and Security Impacts?
	22.4 Discussion and Policy Implications
	22.5 Conclusion
	References
23 e-Quantum Leap: Planning for Electric Minibus Taxis in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Paratransit System
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Method
		23.2.1 Two Main Data Collection Methods Currently in Use
		23.2.2 Data
		23.2.3 Minibus Taxi Mobility Modelling from Passenger-Based Data
		23.2.4 Minibus Taxi Mobility Modelling from Vehicle-Based Data
		23.2.5 The eMBT Model Simulation Setup
	23.3 Results and Discussion
		23.3.1 Passenger-Based Data
		23.3.2 Vehicle-Based Data
		23.3.3 Charging
	23.4 Discussion and Implications: Using Data to Plan for Decarbonisation
	23.5 Conclusion
	References
Part VI Creating New Futures
24 Conclusions: What Futures for Transport and Mobility in African Cities?