Transhumanism: Entering an Era of Bodyhacking and Radical Human Modification (The International Library of Bioethics, 100)

Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Introduction
	References
2 Pragmatism and Transhumanism
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 William James
	2.3 Charles S. Peirce
	2.4 Richard Rorty
	References
3 Beyond Disintegration: Transhumanism and Enactivism
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 What Is Enactivism?
	3.3 The Whole and Its Parts: Organisational Integrity
	3.4 Bound(ed) Flesh: Embodiment
	3.5 Life as Perpetual Struggle: Precariousness
	3.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
4 Overcoming (Our) Nature: Transhumanism and the Redefinition of Human Being’s Essence
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Yet Nothing Uncannier Than Man: Human Being as Deinon and Phusis as the Overwhelming Sway
	4.3 Fixing the Flawed: Transhumanism’s Assault Against Phusis
	4.4 Positionality as the Essence of Technology: Phusis and Human Positioning
	4.5 Crossing the Last Frontier: Death in Transhumanism and Heidegger’s Thought
	4.6 Concluding Remarks: As Mortals Gaze at Death
	References
5 Mens Humana in Corpore Humano—Body-Hacking the Human Experience
	5.1 Embodying Transhumanism
	5.2 Transhumanisms
	5.3 Human by Experience, or Why Transhumanism is not a Threat
	5.4 Human Bodies and Embodied Humans
	5.5 Disembodied Societies
		5.5.1 All Posthumans Are Created Unequal
		5.5.2 Losing Common Ground
		5.5.3 The Many Pitfalls of Implementing Eutopias
		5.5.4 The Voyage Home
	References
6 Evolving the Natural-Born Cyborg
	6.1 Transhumanism
	6.2 The Natural-Born Cyborg
	6.3 Crossing the Line Between Natural-Born Cyborgs and Transhumanism
	6.4 Computer-Mediated Reality and the Impact of Modern Technology
	6.5 Virtual Reality as an Alternative to Transhumanism
	6.6 Conclusion
	References
7 The Transhuman in the Workplace: Maximising Autonomy and Avoiding the Tyranny of Optimisation
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Transhumanism and Bioethics
		7.2.1 The So-Called “Wisdom of Repugnance”
		7.2.2 The Treatment-Enhancement Distinction
		7.2.3 Fostering Inequality: The H+ Haves and the H Have-Nots
		7.2.4 Autonomy, Liberty, and Informed Consent
	7.3 The Inevitability of Enhancement
	7.4 Promoting Human Flourishing for the Transhuman Employee
		7.4.1 Work Smarter, not Harder
		7.4.2 Work Safer
	7.5 Protecting Worker Rights for the Enhanced and the Unenhanced
		7.5.1 Protecting Equality of Opportunity
		7.5.2 Avoiding the Tyranny of Optimisation
		7.5.3 Protecting Authenticity of Desire
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
8 Transhumanism—Agency Enhancement
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Failures of Agency
	8.3 Enhancing Agency
	8.4 Enhancement Versus Therapy?
	8.5 Enhancement as Improvement
	8.6 Distinguishing Agential Enhancement from Other Types of Enhancement
		8.6.1 Distinguish Agential Enhancement from Cognitive Enhancement
		8.6.2 Distinguish Agential Enhancement from Moral Enhancement
	8.7 Can Agency Be Enhanced? Ought We Spend Time Thinking About It?
	8.8 Case Study: Enhancing Desire
		8.8.1 Desirable Properties of Desires
		8.8.2 Multidimensional Desire Enhancement
	8.9 Conclusion
	References
9 Embodiment Diffracted: Queering and Cripping Morphological Freedom
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Biohackers
	9.3 Body Modders
	9.4 Trans Communities
	9.5 Disability Communities
	9.6 Care
	9.7 Conclusion
	References
10 Posthuman Ethics: The Priority of Ethical Over Ontological Status
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The Question of Subjectivity and Moral Status of Novel Beings
	10.3 The Development of Posthuman Ethics from the Postmodern Idea of Subjectivity
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
11 Can Posthumanism Be Post-sexist?
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Biohacking as a Biopolitical Practice
	11.3 Biohacking as a (Feminist) Social Movement
	11.4 Feminist Posthumanism and Political Biohacking Ways
	References
12 Ectogenesis and the Ethics of New Reproductive Technologies for Space Exploration
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Ectogenesis and Transhumanism
		12.2.1 Benefits of Ectogenesis
		12.2.2 The Ectogenetic Transhuman
		12.2.3 Conflation with Enhancement and Genetic Engineering
		12.2.4 Bioconservative Objections
	12.3 Ectogenesis for Space Exploration
		12.3.1 Practical Benefits of the Base Technology for Space
		12.3.2 Benefits of Ectogenesis for Biological Modification
		12.3.3 The Spacefaring Ectogenetic Transhuman
	12.4 Ethical Regulation of Ectogenesis for Space Exploration
	12.5 Conclusion
	References
Outro—Short Story: Space Oddity Syndrome by Chris Hables Gray
The Smell of Space
The Taste of Space
The Feel of Infinity
The Stink of Radiation
The Look of Death
Index