Toxicological profiles - Vinyl Acetate

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILES FOR VINYL ACETATE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 8
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
1.2 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO VINYL ACETATE?......Page 10
1.4 HOW CAN VINYL ACETATE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 11
1.6 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 12
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 13
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 14
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 15
2.2.1.5 Developmental Effects......Page 32
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 33
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 34
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 47
2.2.2.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 48
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 49
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 50
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 51
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 55
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 56
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 57
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 61
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 64
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 65
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 79
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify and/or Quantify Exposure to Vinyl Acetate......Page 80
2.8 MITIGATION OF EFFECTS......Page 81
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Vinyl Acetate......Page 82
2.9.2 Data Needs......Page 84
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 89
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 95
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 100
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 101
5.2.1 Air......Page 102
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 106
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 107
5.4.2 Water......Page 108
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 109
5.7.1 Data Needs......Page 110
6. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 112
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 113
6.3.1 Data Needs......Page 119
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 120
8. REFERENCES......Page 126
Chronic Exposure......Page 142
Malformations......Page 143
Target Organ Toxicity......Page 144
User’s Guide......Page 145
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 151
PEER REVIEW......Page 154