Toxicological profiles - Stoddard Solvent

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR STODDARD SOLVENT......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO STODDARD SOLVENT?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN STODDARD SOLVENT AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 16
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 17
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 18
2.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 19
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 33
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 34
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 42
2.2.1.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 43
2.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 44
2.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 45
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 49
2.2.3.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 50
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 51
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 52
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 53
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 55
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 56
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 57
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 71
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Stoddard Solvent......Page 72
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 73
2.8.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Follow Exposure......Page 74
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Stoddard Solvent......Page 75
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 76
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 81
4.3 USE......Page 91
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 92
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 93
5.2.1 Air......Page 95
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 96
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 97
5.3.2.3 Soil......Page 98
5.4.2 Water......Page 99
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 100
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 101
5.7.2 On-going Studies......Page 102
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 103
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 107
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 112
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 113
8. REFERENCES......Page 121
Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)......Page 140
Lethal Concentration (LO)......Page 141
Reference Dose (RfD)......Page 142
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 143
User’s Guide......Page 144
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 149