Toxicological profiles - Mirex And Chlordecone

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR MIREX AND CHLORDECONE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 4
PEER REVIEW......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO MIREX AND CHLORDECONE?......Page 14
1.4 HOW CAN MIREX AND CHLORDECONE ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 15
1.5 HOW CAN MIREX AND CHLORDECONE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 16
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 17
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 18
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 19
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 20
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 22
2.2.1.6 Developmental Effects......Page 23
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 24
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 26
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 91
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 94
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 95
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 97
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 98
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 100
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 105
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 106
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 107
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 108
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 109
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 110
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 111
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 114
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 115
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 117
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 119
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 120
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 122
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 142
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Mirex or Chlordecone......Page 143
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES......Page 144
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 147
2.8.2 Reducing Body Burden......Page 148
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 149
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Mirex and Chlordecone......Page 150
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 152
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 165
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 169
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 170
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 171
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 172
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 176
5.2.2 Water......Page 177
5.2.3 Soil......Page 179
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 180
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 184
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 185
5.4.1 Air......Page 187
5.4.2 Water......Page 188
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 189
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 190
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 194
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 196
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 199
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 201
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 202
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 210
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 222
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 223
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 224
8. REFERENCES......Page 234
Cancer Effect Level (CEL)......Page 294
Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (LOAEL)......Page 295
Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL)......Page 296
User’s Guide......Page 297
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 303