Toxicological profiles - Methyl tert-butyl ether

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR METHYL tert-BUTYL ETHER......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1.1 WHAT IS MTBE?......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO MTBE?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN MTBE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 17
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 18
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 19
2.2.1.1Death......Page 21
2.2.1.2. Systemic Effects......Page 23
2.2.1.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 61
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 62
2.2.1.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 67
2.2.1.6 Developmental Effects......Page 69
2.2.1.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 70
2.2.1.8. Cancer......Page 71
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 72
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 87
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 88
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 89
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 90
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 91
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 100
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 101
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 103
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 106
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 107
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 108
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 109
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 110
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 111
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 114
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 117
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 118
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 119
2.3.5 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model......Page 120
2.4 MECHANISMS OF ACTION......Page 121
2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 125
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 155
2.6.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to MTBE......Page 156
2.7 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 158
2.8 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 159
2.9.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 161
2.10 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 162
2.10.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of MTBE......Page 163
2.10.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 165
2.10.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 176
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 179
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 182
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 185
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 187
5.2.1Air......Page 188
5.2.2 Water......Page 193
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 194
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 195
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 197
5.4.1 Air......Page 198
5.4.2 Water......Page 199
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 200
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 201
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 204
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 205
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 208
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 209
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 211
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 215
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 216
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 217
8. REFERENCES......Page 221
Intermediate Exposure......Page 238
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)......Page 239
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 240
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL (MRL) WORKSHEET(S)......Page 241
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL WORKSHEET......Page 243
USER’S GUIDE......Page 251
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 258