Toxicological profiles - Jp-5 and jp-8

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR JP-5 AND JP-8......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 11
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 5
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 7
PEER REVIEW......Page 9
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 15
LIST OF TABLES......Page 17
1.1 WHAT ARE THE JET FUELS JP-5 AND JP-8?......Page 19
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO JP-5 AND JP-8 WHEN THEY ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 20
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO JP-5 AND JP-8?......Page 21
1.5 HOW CAN JP-5 AND JP-8 AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 22
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 24
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 25
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 27
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 29
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 30
2.2.1.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 40
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 41
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 42
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 44
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 45
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 59
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 61
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 62
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 63
2.2.3.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 74
2.2.3.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 75
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 76
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 78
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 79
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 80
2.3.5 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/Pharmacodynamic (PD) Models......Page 81
2.4.2 Mechanisms of Toxicity......Page 82
Overview.......Page 85
Minimal Risk Levels for JP-5 and JP-8.......Page 86
Systemic Effects.......Page 87
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 100
2.6.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by JP-5 and JP-8......Page 101
2.8 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 102
2.9.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 103
2.10.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of JP-5 and JP-8......Page 105
2.10.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 108
2.10.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 114
3.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY......Page 115
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 119
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 121
4.3 USE......Page 122
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 123
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 125
5.2.2 Water......Page 126
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 128
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 131
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 132
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 133
5.4 LEVELS MONITORED OR ESTIMATED IN THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 134
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 135
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 136
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 137
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 140
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 142
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 144
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 149
Methods for Determining Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect.......Page 150
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 151
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 153
8. REFERENCES......Page 157
Immunologic Toxicity......Page 180
Reference Dose (RfD)......Page 181
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 182
ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVEL......Page 184
USER'S GUIDE......Page 188
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 196