Toxicological profiles - Fuel oils

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR FUEL OILS......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 11
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 5
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 7
PEER REVIEW......Page 9
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 15
LIST OF TABLES......Page 17
1.1 WHAT ARE FUEL OILS?......Page 19
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO FUEL OILS?......Page 21
1.5 HOW CAN FUEL OILS AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 22
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO FUEL OILS?......Page 23
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 24
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 26
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 28
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 38
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 44
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 46
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 47
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 48
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 57
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 58
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 59
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 60
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 73
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 74
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 78
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 79
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 80
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 81
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 99
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 100
2.8.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 101
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Fuel Oils......Page 103
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 104
2.9.3 On-going Studies......Page 111
3.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY......Page 113
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 116
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 119
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 120
4.3 USE......Page 121
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 122
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 124
5.2.1 Air......Page 125
5.2.2 Water......Page 128
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 129
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 133
5.3.2.3 Soil......Page 136
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 138
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 139
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 140
5.7.2 On-going Studies......Page 142
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 144
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 146
6.3.2 On-going Studies......Page 157
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 159
8. REFERENCES......Page 163
Immunologic Toxicity......Page 199
Reference Dose......Page 200
Uncertainty Factor......Page 201
USER'S GUIDE......Page 203
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 209
CITED REFERENCES LIST......Page 213