Toxicological profiles - Chlorodibenzofurans

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHLORODIBENZOFURANS......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT......Page 13
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO CDFs WHEN THEY ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 14
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO CDFs?......Page 15
1.5 HOW CAN CDFs AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 16
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 17
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 18
2.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 20
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 21
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 22
2.2.2.3 Immunological Effects......Page 50
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 52
2.2.2.6 Developmental Effects......Page 53
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 55
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 56
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 60
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 61
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 62
2.3.2 Distribution......Page 63
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 64
2.3.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 65
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 66
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 67
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 68
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 69
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 70
2.3.5 Mechanism of Action......Page 71
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 73
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 87
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to CDFs......Page 88
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by CDFs......Page 89
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES......Page 90
2.8.2 Reducing Body Burden......Page 92
2.9 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 93
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of CDFs......Page 94
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 95
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 101
3.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY......Page 102
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 103
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 114
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 115
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 116
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 119
5.2.2 Water......Page 125
5.2.3 Soil......Page 126
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 127
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 130
5.4.1 Air......Page 131
5.4.2 Water......Page 140
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 141
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 142
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 149
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 157
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 159
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 160
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 165
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 172
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 173
8. REFERENCES......Page 174
Developmental Toxicity......Page 209
Minimal Risk Level......Page 210
Target Organ Toxicity......Page 211
User’s Guide......Page 212
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 217