Toxicological profiles - 1,2-dibromoethane

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 8
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
1.2 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE?......Page 10
1.4 HOW CAN 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 11
1.6 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 12
1.7 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 13
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 14
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 15
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 24
2.2.1.3 Immunological Effects......Page 27
2.2.1.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 28
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 30
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 32
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 37
2.2.2.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 39
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 40
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 41
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 42
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 43
2.2.3.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 46
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 47
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 48
2.3.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 49
2.3.3 Metablism......Page 52
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 57
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 58
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 67
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify and/or Quantify Exposure to 1,2- Dibromoethane......Page 68
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by 1,2-Dibromoethane......Page 69
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 70
2.8 MITIGATION OF EFFECTS......Page 71
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of 1,2-Dibromoethane......Page 72
2.9.2 Data Needs......Page 74
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 78
4.3 USE......Page 82
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 86
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 87
5.2.1 Air......Page 91
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 92
5.4 LEVELS MONITORED OR ESTIMATED IN THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 93
5.4.1 Air......Page 94
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 96
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 97
5.7.1 Data Needs......Page 98
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 100
6.3.1 Data Needs......Page 106
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 107
8. REFERENCES......Page 111
Adsorption Ratio (Kd)......Page 136
Lethal Concentration(50) (LD50)......Page 137
Reportable Quantity (RQ)......Page 138
User s Guide......Page 139
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 146
Peer Review......Page 150