Tourism Management, Second Edition: Managing for Change

Front cover......Page 1
Title page......Page 4
Copyright page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
List of figures......Page 13
List of plates......Page 16
List of tables......Page 17
Preface......Page 20
Acknowledgements......Page 22
Learning outcomes......Page 24
Introduction......Page 25
Why study tourism? Is it just about enjoyment and holidays?......Page 28
The leisure society......Page 29
Concepts – tourism, the tourist and travel......Page 33
Measuring tourism......Page 37
New forces affecting tourism – globalization, inequality and the developed and developing world......Page 43
A framework for the book......Page 45
Questions......Page 50
Learning outcomes......Page 51
Introduction......Page 52
Case study: Changing patterns of spa development in England 1558–1815......Page 59
Tourism and the coast: The seaside resort......Page 61
Tourism in the Edwardian and inter-war years......Page 64
Post-war tourism: Towards international mass tourism......Page 74
The future of tourism......Page 77
Case study: Forecasting international growth in New Zealand......Page 78
Space tourism......Page 83
Conclusion......Page 84
Further reading......Page 85
Questions......Page 86
Learning outcomes......Page 87
Introduction......Page 88
What is tourism demand?......Page 90
The motivation dichotomy: Why do people go on holiday?......Page 92
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation......Page 93
Maslow's hierarchy model and tourist motivation......Page 95
The tourism tradition of motivation studies: Classifying and understanding tourist motives......Page 97
Consumer behaviour and tourism......Page 101
Purchasing a holiday......Page 105
Case study: The Chinese outbound tourism market......Page 108
The future of tourism demand......Page 110
Conclusion......Page 111
Further reading......Page 112
Questions......Page 113
Learning outcomes......Page 114
Introduction......Page 115
Influences on tourism supply issues: The business environment......Page 117
Case study: Corporate strategy and change in the hotel sector: The evolution of the Intercontinental Hotels Group......Page 119
Managing tourism supply issues......Page 121
Accommodation......Page 125
Visitor attractions and activities......Page 126
Case study: The impacts of sporting events: Hosting the 2012 London Olympic Games......Page 129
Transport......Page 134
Tourism organizations and agencies and the supply of tourism......Page 135
Managing the supply of tourism in the new millennium......Page 138
Summary......Page 141
Questions......Page 142
Learning outcomes......Page 143
Introduction......Page 144
Transport, tourism and the tour......Page 146
Policy issues in tourist transport......Page 148
Land-based transport......Page 152
Case study: Innovation in coach travel – Stagecoach's Megabus.com......Page 162
Water-based transport......Page 172
Managing land- and surface-based tourist transport......Page 178
Boating on the Norfolk Broads: A tourist transport resource?......Page 179
Further reading......Page 181
Questions......Page 182
Learning outcomes......Page 183
Introduction......Page 184
The role of the airport as a tourist terminal facility......Page 185
The international airline industry......Page 194
Managing the airline industry......Page 199
Regulating international air transport......Page 200
Airline marketing: Its role and recent innovations......Page 205
The low-cost carriers: Aligning service provision to demand......Page 207
Case study: The low-cost carrier: The SouthWest phenomenon......Page 208
Case study: The history and development of Ryanair......Page 214
Airline marketing and developing client relationships: Frequent flyer programmes and alliances......Page 216
Future trends......Page 220
Conclusion......Page 221
Questions......Page 222
Learning outcomes......Page 223
The hospitality sector......Page 224
The accommodation sector as a global phenomenon and operational issues......Page 226
The characteristics of the accommodation industry......Page 228
Types of tourist accommodation......Page 229
Case study: The German hotel industry......Page 231
Case study: Luxury travel and the accommodation sector......Page 239
Other issues for the accommodation sector......Page 247
Conclusion......Page 251
Questions......Page 252
Learning outcomes......Page 253
Introduction......Page 254
The tour operator......Page 256
The European holiday market......Page 263
Case study: Holidaymaking in Norway......Page 264
ATOL trends......Page 265
Consumer trends affecting the future of tour operating......Page 275
Consumer issues in tour operating......Page 276
Marketing and planning the holiday: The holiday brochure......Page 279
Travel agents......Page 283
Business travel......Page 289
Travel agents and information communication technology......Page 290
The future of travel retailing......Page 291
Case study: VisitScotland.com: Destination marketing and travel retailing......Page 292
Conclusion......Page 293
Questions......Page 294
Learning outcomes......Page 295
Introduction......Page 296
Classifying visitor attractions......Page 297
Visitor attractions in the UK: Recent trends and patterns......Page 303
Visitor attractions: Product considerations......Page 306
Attractions as a leisure product......Page 310
Visitor attractions and the product life cycle......Page 311
Visitor attractions and the visitor experience......Page 313
Case study: Using visitor attractions to develop tourism: The case of Dubai......Page 317
Managing the visitor experience: Potential and prospects......Page 318
The future for visitor attraction management......Page 319
Conclusion......Page 324
Further reading......Page 325
Questions......Page 326
Learning outcomes......Page 327
Management in tourism businesses: Key principles......Page 328
The purpose of management in tourism organizations......Page 330
What do tourism managers manage?......Page 333
Marketing tourism as a management function......Page 334
Managing operational issues in tourism businesses......Page 336
Managing service provision: Human resource issues and service delivery......Page 337
Service provision in tourism: A perennial management challenge?......Page 339
Case study: The Disney model of customer care......Page 342
Developing and managing tourism ventures in the small business sector......Page 345
Tourism and innovation......Page 349
Tourism management in action: Designing and developing a visitor attraction......Page 352
A feasibility study for a new tourism attraction: The scope and range of issues......Page 354
Conclusion......Page 355
References......Page 357
Questions......Page 358
Learning outcomes......Page 359
Governments and tourism......Page 360
Case study: Government policy towards tourism in Africa and the role of industry associations in Southern Africa......Page 366
Planning and tourism......Page 380
Case study: The Scottish Tourism Framework for Action 2002–2005 and Scottish Tourism – The Next Decade: A Framework for Tourism Change 2006–2015......Page 385
The public sector marketing of tourism......Page 392
The future of the public sector in the management of tourism......Page 398
References......Page 400
Questions......Page 401
Learning outcomes......Page 402
The geography of tourism: Its application to impact analysis......Page 403
The geography of European tourism based on air transport: Key trends and impacts......Page 406
Analysing the impact of tourism......Page 409
The economic impact of tourism......Page 410
Social and cultural impacts of tourism......Page 422
Tourism and the environment......Page 425
Visitor management......Page 429
Future issues for visitor management......Page 433
Case study: Managing the tourist impact in Venice (Stephen J. Page and C. Michael Hall)......Page 441
References......Page 450
Questions......Page 451
Learning outcomes......Page 452
The spread of tourism......Page 453
Understanding the future of tourism......Page 459
The pressures for tourism to change......Page 463
Crises and disasters in tourism......Page 465
Technology and tourism......Page 466
Climate change, tourism and the environment: Its impact on future tourism trends......Page 467
New business trends......Page 468
Limiting tourism: The beginning of the end?......Page 470
Towards a new tourism management concept: Managed tourism......Page 474
References......Page 479
Questions......Page 480
Index......Page 481