Tourism in the Philippines: Communities, Hosts and Guests (Perspectives on Asian Tourism)

Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
Part I: Introduction
	Tourism in the Philippines Through the Gaze of Communities, Hosts and Guests
		1 Introduction
		2 Intention and Structure of the Book
			2.1 Part II: The Host Gaze
			2.2 Part III: The Tourist Gaze
			2.3 Part IV: The Researchers’ (Reflexive) Gaze
		References
Part II: The Host Gaze
	Exploring Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism in a Pilgrimage Destination: The Case of Our Lady of Peñafrancia in Naga City, Philippines
		1 Introduction
		2 Naga City and the Origin of the Peñafrancia Festivities
			2.1 Naga City
			2.2 Origins of the Peñafrancia Devotion and Festivity
		3 Literature Review
			3.1 Pilgrimage Tourism
			3.2 Resident’s Perceptions of Tourism Impacts
		4 Methods
		5 Findings and Discussion
			5.1 Perceptions on the Growth of Pilgrimage Tourism in Naga City
			5.2 Perceived Impacts of Pilgrimage Tourism in Naga City
			5.3 Perceived Management of Pilgrimage Tourism
		6 Conclusions
		References
	Community-Based Tourism: An Analysis of Ugong Rock Adventures Stakeholders’ Social Capital in Facilitating Community Participation
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Community and Its Stakeholders
			2.2 Sustainability and Community Participation
			2.3 Social Capital and Tourism
		3 Conceptual Framework
		4 Case Study Methods
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 The Role of Social Capital in Facilitating Community Participation in Tourism Development
			5.2 The Facilitation of Community Participation in Community-Based Tourism (CBT) Site
				5.2.1 The Facilitation of Community Participation in Tourism Planning and Decision-Making
				5.2.2 The Facilitation of Community Participation in Tourism Operation and Management
			5.3 The Benefits of Community Participation in Community-Based Tourism (CBT)
				5.3.1 Economic Benefits
				5.3.2 Socio-cultural Benefits
				5.3.3 Environmental Benefits
		6 Conclusion
		References
Part III: The Tourist Gaze
	Strolling Between Shanties: Tourists’ Perceptions and Experiences of Manila’s Slums
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Pro-poor Tourism (PPT) and Slum Tours
			1.2 Perceptions of Slum Tourism
			1.3 Theoretical Lens
			1.4 Study Aim and Objectives
		2 Manila’s Slum Tourism: Smokey Tours
		3 Methodology
			3.1 Data Collection: TripAdvisor Reviews
			3.2 Data Analysis
		4 Findings
			4.1 Cognitive Image Component
			4.2 Affective Image Component
			4.3 Conative Component
			4.4 Memorable Tourism Experience
		5 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Home Away from Home: Foreign Vloggers’ Gaze of the Philippines during the COVID-19 Pandemic
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 Findings and Discussion
			3.1 Quarantine Experiences and Protocols
			3.2 Incomparable Sites
			3.3 Filipino Qualities
			3.4 Food Experience
			3.5 The Philippines as (Second) Home
		4 Conclusions
		References
	The Traveling Filipina in Periodicals (1898–1938)
		1 Itinerary: A Planned Route or Journey
		2 Jaunt: A Short Trip or Excursion, Usually for Pleasure
		3 Summertime: The Season or Period of Summer
		4 Gadabout: A Person Who Travels Often or to Many Different Places for Pleasure
		5 Coddiwomple: To Travel in a Purposeful Manner Towards a Vague Destination
		6 Numinous: Feeling Both Fearful and Awed by What Is Before You
		7 Traveler’s Gaze: To Survey Her Object and Assess It Within a Particular Frame
		8 Passport: An Official Document Certifying the Holder’s Identity and Citizenship
		9 Lakbay: Travel, Voyage, Journey
		References
Part IV: The Researcher’s (Reflexive) Gaze
	Significance of the Carabaos in Harvest Festivals in the Philippines
		1 Introduction
		2 Methodology
		3 History of Filipinos’ Deep Entanglements with the Carabaos
		4 Carabaos in Philippine Harvest Festivals
			4.1 Representation of Carabaos in Predominantly Agricultural Festival Sites
			4.2 Representation of Carabaos in Predominantly Industrial Festival Sites
		5 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	Interpreting the Meanings of Carabao Festivals in the Philippines: A Multi-method Study
		1 Introduction
		2 Research Framework, Methodology and Methods
			2.1 Visual Methods
			2.2 Field Observations
			2.3 Document Review
			2.4 Small Group Discussions and Data Synthesis
		3 Festival Images of Carabao Festivals in the Philippines
		4 Field Observations on the Festival Sites
		5 Biophysical, Economic, and Sociocultural Contexts of the Carabao Festivals
		6 Meanings of the Carabao Festivals
		7 Conclusions
		References
	Researching Luzon Island’s Pancit Culinary Heritage: Cultural Mapping and Stakeholders’ Perspective
		1 Introduction
		2 Ang Paglalakbay tungo sa Ysla de Panciteria (A Journey Towards the Island of Panciteria): An Overview
		3 Kwentong Pamayanan at Panlasa (Stories of Community and Taste): Behind the Culinary Heritage Mapping of Luzon Island Pancit
		4 “Cooking” the Story of Pancit through the Stakeholders’ Perspective: Local Governments and Communities
			4.1 Prioritization and Political Will
			4.2 Knowledge and Awareness
			4.3 Readiness and Openness
			4.4 Engagement and Participation
		5 Conclusions
		References
	Tourism in the Philippine Society: Conclusions and Looking Forward
		1 The Aims and Contributions of the Book
			1.1 Tourism Orientation of Hosts
			1.2 Guests’ Orientation of the Philippines
		2 Concluding Thoughts and Future Research Suggestions
		References