TORUS 2 -- toward an open resource using services cloud computing for environmental data

Cover......Page 1
Half-Title Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface: Why TORUS? Toward an Open Resource Using Services, or How to Bring Environmental Science Closer to Cloud Computing......Page 13
 Structure of the book......Page 18
Part 1: Earth Science Remote Sensing......Page 19
 Introduction to Part 1: From Above We Can See Earth Better......Page 21
  1.1. History......Page 31
  1.2. Fields of application......Page 38
  1.3. Orbits, launchers and platforms......Page 40
  1.4. The acquired data are digital images......Page 42
  1.5. So what is remote sensing? Some definitions......Page 44
  1.6. Notes......Page 49
  1.7. References......Page 51
  2.2. Remote sensing......Page 53
   2.3.1. Wave equation and solution......Page 59
   2.3.2. Quantum properties of electromagnetic radiation......Page 60
  2.4. Radiation quantities......Page 61
   2.4.1. Spectral quantities......Page 63
  2.5. Generation of electromagnetic waves......Page 64
  2.6. Detection of electromagnetic waves......Page 67
   2.7.1. Overview......Page 68
   2.7.2. Interaction mechanisms......Page 69
  2.8. Solid surfaces sensing in the visible and near infrared......Page 71
   2.8.1. Wave-surface interaction mechanisms......Page 73
  2.9. Radiometric and geometric resolutions......Page 75
  2.10. References......Page 76
  3.1. Introduction......Page 77
  3.2. Image quality – geometry......Page 84
   3.2.1. Whiskbroom concept......Page 87
   3.2.2. Pushbroom concept......Page 90
   3.2.3. Full frame concept......Page 92
   3.2.4. Optical geometric distortions......Page 94
   3.2.5. Relief distortions......Page 96
   3.2.6. Inverse location model......Page 97
   3.2.7. Direct location model......Page 99
   3.2.8. Root Mean Square (RMS) validation......Page 102
   3.2.9. Resampling methods......Page 103
   3.2.10. Image geometric quality to assume geographical space continuity......Page 105
  3.3. Image quality – radiometry......Page 106
   3.3.1. Radiometric model of the instrument......Page 108
   3.3.2. Radiometric equalization and calibration......Page 109
   3.3.3. Radiometric signal noise reduction (SNR)......Page 111
   3.3.4. Radiometric physical value......Page 112
   3.3.5. Image quality – resolution......Page 114
  3.5. Notes......Page 121
  3.6. References......Page 123
   4.1.1. Introduction to common atmospheric gases and particles......Page 125
   4.1.2. Introduction to meteorological parameters......Page 133
   4.1.3. Atmospheric observation from satellite......Page 137
   4.2.1. Introduction......Page 158
   4.2.2. Land cover/land use classification system......Page 159
   4.2.4. Data......Page 164
   4.2.5. Methodology......Page 167
   4.2.6. Global land cover datasets......Page 184
  4.4. References......Page 188
  5.1. Introduction......Page 193
   5.2.1. Spark......Page 194
   5.2.2. Implementation......Page 195
   5.2.3. Naive method......Page 197
   5.2.4. Advanced method......Page 198
  5.3. Conclusion......Page 201
  6.1. Introduction......Page 203
  6.3. Using GeoTrellis in Hupi-Notebook......Page 204
   6.3.2. Computation of NDVI......Page 207
   6.3.4. Descriptive statistics of NDVI per Tile......Page 208
   6.3.5. K-means......Page 209
   6.4.1. Create a jar......Page 211
   6.4.2. Monitor the Spark jobs......Page 212
   6.4.3. Tune performance of the Spark job......Page 213
   6.4.4. Create a workflow in Hupi-Studio......Page 214
  6.5. Visualizations in Hupi-Front......Page 216
  6.6. Cloud service......Page 218
  6.7. Development......Page 219
   7.1.1. Introduction......Page 221
   7.1.2. Datasets......Page 222
   7.1.3. Validation methodology......Page 225
   7.1.4. Experiments and results......Page 228
   7.2.1. Introduction......Page 234
   7.2.2. Georeferencing methods......Page 235
   7.2.3. Datasets and methodology......Page 237
   7.2.4. Results and discussion......Page 240
  7.3. Conclusion......Page 246
  7.4. Appendix: R Source code of validation process......Page 247
  7.5. References......Page 252
 Conclusion to Part 1......Page 255
PART 2: GIS Application and Geospatial Data Infrastructure......Page 257
  8.1. Introduction......Page 259
  8.2. Enterprise GIS for environmental management......Page 260
  8.3. GIS and decision-making in planning and management......Page 262
   8.3.2. Decision support systems (DSS)......Page 263
   8.3.3. Integrating GIS with the DSS......Page 264
  8.4. GIS for water-quality management......Page 265
  8.5. GIS for land use planning......Page 266
  8.6. Application of the technology in LUP and management......Page 270
   8.6.1. Computers and software programs applied to LUP and management......Page 271
   8.6.2. Application of GIS analysis and MCE in land-use planning and management......Page 272
  8.7. References......Page 273
  9.2. Spatial data infrastructure......Page 277
  9.3. Components of spatial data infrastructure......Page 279
   9.4.1. Open geospatial consortium (OGC)......Page 281
   9.4.2. OGC’s open standards......Page 282
   9.4.3. Usage of OGC’s open standards in SDI......Page 285
   9.5.1. GOS portal architecture......Page 286
   9.5.3. Taxonomy of geospatial server architecture......Page 287
   9.5.4. Three reference architectures for server architecture model......Page 288
  9.6. References......Page 290
List of Authors......Page 293
Index......Page 295
Summary of Volume 1......Page 297
Summary of Volume 3......Page 305
Other titles from iSTE in Computer Engineering......Page 311
EULA......Page 321