Tolkien, Race, and Racism in Middle-earth

Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: Reflections on Writing About Tolkien and Race
	Bibliography
Chapter 2: Tolkien, Race, and the Critics: Debating Racism in Middle-earth
	‘The way in which the Nazis saw the world’? The Racialisation of Middle-earth
	‘A foul people’: From Racialism to Racism?
	‘The State of the Soul’: Race and Spirituality in Middle-earth
	‘I’d go back to trees’: Tolkien, Anti-Modernity, and Modern Racism
	‘Always historicise!’: Tolkien and Race in Context
	Bibliography
Chapter 3: Manichean Racism? Black and White and Blacks and Whites
	‘An unwitting defence of racial separatism’: Apartheid in Middle-earth?
	‘Black and hideous’: Tolkien and White Racism
	‘The Colour of Salvation’: Tolkien and Spiritual Colouration
	Bibliography
Chapter 4: Race War in Middle-earth: The Orcs, Genocide, and Ethnic Cleansing
	‘The only good Orc is a dead Orc’: Race War in Middle-earth
	‘Other Makings’: Orcs as Animals, Automatons, or Twisted Elves
	‘Orcs aren’t monsters. We are.’ The Orcs and the Critics
	‘The Inner War of Allegory’: Orcs and the War for the Soul
	Bibliography
Chapter 5: Blood and Soil: Language, Myth, and Their Racial Roots
	‘His country of the heart’: Home and Heimat
	‘Sacred Geography’ and ‘Rooted Sustenance’: Grounding the Race
	‘Things of racial and linguistic significance’: A Racial Philology?
	‘Native Language’ and ‘Cradle-Tongue’: Racial Memory in Tolkien’s Thought
	‘Voices so fair to hear’: Phonaesthetics and Race
	Bibliography
Chapter 6: Tolkien and Anti-Semitism: The Jewish Question and the Question of the Dwarves
	‘That Gifted People’: Debating Tolkien, Racism, and the Jews
	‘Dwarves like Jews’: Philo-Semitism or Anti-Semitism?
	‘The War against the West’: Historicising Tolkien’s Texts
	Bibliography
Chapter 7: Aristocratic Racism: Gobineau in Gondor
	‘A man of the Middle Ages’: Gobineau’s Aristocratic Racism
	‘Tipping your hat to the Squire’: Tolkien and Racial Aristocracy
	‘The Race of the Kings’: Númenóreans and the Dúnedain
	‘As Tall as Lords’: Stature and Status
	Lords of ‘the lesser kindreds’: High Elves, Fallohides, and Aristocratic Animals
	Bibliography
Chapter 8: Conclusion
	Bibliography
Index