Tolerance: The Beacon of the Enlightenment

Introduction
Acknowledgements
1. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, 1789
2. Voltaire (1694-1778), ‘Prayer to God’, from Treatise on Tolerance, 1763
3. Three aphorisms from Denis Diderot (1713-1784), Philosophical Thoughts, 1746; Montesquieu (1689-1755), The Spirit of the Laws, 1748; and Voltaire, Portable Philosophical Dictionary, 1764
4. Nicolas de Condorcet (1743-1794), ‘On Admitting Women to the Rights of Citizenship’, 1790
5. John Locke (1632-1704), Letter on Toleration, 1686
6. Diderot (1713-1784), ‘Aius Locutius’, from the Encyclopédie, 1751
7. Montesquieu, ‘On the Enslavement of Negroes’, from The Spirit of the Laws
8. Jean-François Marmontel (1723-1799), ‘Minds are not Enlightened by the Flames of an Executioner’s Pyre’, from Belisarius, 1767
9. Three aphorisms from Diderot, The Philosopher and Marshal ***’s Wife Have a Deep Chat, 1774; Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Émile, or On Education, 1762; and Frederick the Great of Prussia (1712-1786)
10. Abbé Grégoire (1750-1831), On Freedom of Worship, 1794
11. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), ‘Dare to Know’, from What is Enlightenment?, 1784
12. Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (1732-1799), The Marriage of Figaro, 1784
13. Pierre Bayle (1647-1706), On Tolerance, or A philosophical Commentary on these Words of the Gospel, Luke XIV. 23, Compel Them to Come in, 1686
14. Alexandre Deleyre (1726-1797), ‘Fanaticism’, from the Encyclopédie, 1756
15. Four aphorisms from Louis de Jaucourt (1704-1779), ‘Intolerant’, from the Encyclopédie, 1765; William Warburton (1698-1779), Essay on Egyptian Hieroglyphics, 1744; Rousseau, Émile, or On Education; and Anon., ‘Refugees’, from the Encyclopédie, 1765
16. Jean le Rond d’Alembert (1717-1783), On the Suppression of the Jesuits, 1765
17. Jeanne-Marie Roland (1754-1793), Personal Memoirs, 1795
18. Evariste de Parny (1753-1814), The War of the Gods, 1799
19. Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793), Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, 1791
20. Pierre Bayle, On Tolerance, 1686
21. Voltaire, La Henriade, 1723
22. Three aphorisms from Diderot, The Eleutheromaniacs, 1772; Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1766; and Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786), Morning Hours, 1786
23. Montesquieu, The Persian Letters, 1721
24. Abbé Grégoire, ‘New Observations on the Jews and in Particular on the Jews of Amsterdam and Frankfurt’, 1807
25. Rétif de la Bretonne (1734-1806), Paris Nights, 1788
26. Three aphorisms from Diderot, Philosophical Thoughts; Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794), On Crimes and Punishments, 1786; and Rousseau, The Social Contract
27. Voltaire, Candide, 1759
28. d’Alembert, ‘Geometer’, from the Encyclopédie, 1757
29. Rabaut Saint-Étienne (1743-1793), ‘No Man Should Be Harassed for His Opinions nor Troubled in the Practice of His Religion’, 1789
30. Three aphorisms from Diderot, ‘Letter to My Brother’, 1760; Voltaire, Treatise on Metaphysics, 1735; and Rousseau, The Citizen, or An Address on Political Economy, 1765
31. Diderot, Extract from a Letter to Princess Dashkova, 3 April 1771
32. Voltaire, ‘Free Thinking’, from Dictionary of Philosophy, 1764
33. Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (1737-1814), ‘Reflections on Slavery’, from A Voyage to the Island of Mauritius, 1773
34. Pierre de Marivaux (1688-1763), The French Spectator, 5 October 1723
35. Louis-Alexandre Devérité (1743-1818), Collected Documents of Interest on the Case of the Desecration of the Abbeville Crucifix, which Occurred on 9th August 1765, 1776
36. Anon., The Private and Public Life of the Posterior Marquis de Villette, Retroactive Citizen, 1791
37. Three aphorisms from Diderot, Philosophical Thoughts, XII; Marivaux, The French Spectator; and Pierre Jean George Cabanis (1757-1808), On Sympathy, 1802
38. Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760-1828), ‘A Philanthropic Congregation’, 1811
39. Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws
40. Voltaire, ‘On Universal Tolerance’, 1763
41. Three aphorisms from Diderot, Philosophical Thoughts; Marivaux, The French Spectator; and Voltaire, ‘Fanaticisme’, Portable Philosophical Dictionary
42. Condorcet, Anti-superstitious Almanack, 1773-1774
43. Montesquieu, Persian Letters
44. José Cadalso y Vázquez de Andrade (1741-1782), Defence of the Spanish Nation against Persian Letter 78 by Montesquieu, 1775
45. Nicolas-Edme Rétif, known as Rétif de la Bretonne, Ninth Juvenal. The False Immorality of the Freedom of the Press, 1796
46. Condorcet, Anti-superstitious Almanack
47. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781), Nathan the Wise, 1779
48. Three aphorisms from Germaine de Staël (1766-1817), Reflections on the French Revolution, 1818; Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments; and Rousseau, Reveries of a Solitary Walker, 1782
49. Luis Guttiérez (1771-1809), Cornelia Bororquia, or the Inquisition’s Victim, 1801
50. Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, ‘Fraternal Harmonies’, 1815
51. Diderot, Supplement to Bougainville’s Voyage, 1772
52. Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de Saint-Simon (1675-1755), Memoirs, posthumous
53. Three aphorisms from Alexandre Deleyre (1726-1797), ‘Fanaticism’, from the Encyclopédie; Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797), The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, 1789; and Voltaire, Letter to Jean Le Rond
54. Helvétius (1715-1771), Essays on the Mind, 1758
55. Louis-Sébastien Mercier (1740-1814), Portrait of Paris, 1781
56. Juan Pablo Forner (1756-1799), In Praise of Spain and its Literary Merit, 1786
57. Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian (1755-1794), ‘The Two Persians’, 1792
58. Three aphorisms from Rousseau, Émile, or on Education; Voltaire, Letter to the King of Prussia, 20 December 1740; and Jaucourt, ‘Tolerance’, censored article from the Encyclopédie
59. Voltaire, On the Horrible Danger of Reading, 1765