Time and Ancient Medicine: How Sundials and Water Clocks Changed Medical Science

Cover\nTime and Ancient Medicine: How Sundials and Water Clocks Changed Medical Science\nCopyright\nAcknowledgments\nContents\nList of Figures\nList of Tables\nAbbreviations\n	Ancient Authors\n	Titles and Abbreviations of Works Attributed to Galen\n	Reference Works and Editions\nIntroduction\nPart I: Clockworks\n	1: Telling Time in the Greco-Roman World\n		Telling Time without Clocks\n		Hours\n		Sundials\n		Water Clocks\n		Conclusion\n	2: Doctors and Clocks: The Emergence of Hourly Timekeeping in Medical Contexts\n		Egyptian and Assyro-Babylonian Precedents\n		Hippocratic Evidence\n		Hellenistic Evidence\n		The Roman Period\n	3: Clocks as Symbols 1: In Galen’s Thought\n		Galen’s Chronotopic Biography\n		Introducing Affections and Errors\n		Galen’s Scientific Method\n		Defending Propositions 1a and 1b: Testability\n		Defending Propositions 2a and 2b: Useful Contributions to Intellectual and Civic Communities\n		Defending Propositions 3a and 3b: Progress and Perpetuity\n		Conclusion\n	4: Clocks as Symbols 2: Among the Roman Elite\n		A Very Public Gnomon: Timekeeping and the Imperial Program\n		Clocks and Celestial Geometry: Symbols of Mathematical Ingenuity\n		Clocks and the Educated Elite: Symbols of the Pepaideumenoi\n		Clocks and Philosophers: Symbols of the Human Lifespan\n		Clocks in Architectural Writing: Symbols of the Human Body\n		Clocks and Horoscopic Astrology: Symbols of Death and the Afterlife\n		Conclusion: The “Clock-Construction” Lifestyle\nPart II: Hours in Action\n	5: From “Season” to “Hour”: Galenic Refinements of the Hippocratic Hōra\n		Galen’s Hippocratism\n		Galen’s On Critical Days and the Hippocratic Epidemics\n		Temporality in Galen’s Fever Case Histories\n		Hours and Astronomy I: The Period of the Moon\n		Hours and Astronomy II: The Periods of Planets\n		Conclusion\n	6: When Is Temporal Exactitude Desirable?\n		Insufficient Exactitude: Fevers and Symptoms\n		Excessive Exactitude: Fevers and Phlebotomy\n		Conclusion\n	7: “Right Timing” in Sickness and in Health: Hourly Timekeeping and Kairos in Galen’s On Hygiene\n		Kairos and Galen’s Predecessors\n		Kairos and Febrile Disease\n		Kairos and Health Maintenance\n		Kairos and the Elderly\n		Conclusion\n	Conclusion: From Antiquity to Modernity\nBibliography\nIndex