Through the Prism of Gender and Work: Women's Labour Struggles in Central and Eastern Europe and Beyond, 19th and 20th Centuries

Front Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures, Maps and Tables
Abbreviations
Notes on Contributors
Chapter1 Women’s Labour Struggles in Central and Eastern Europe and Beyond Toward a Long-Term, Transregional, Integrative, and Critical Approach
	1 Historiography
		1.1 Women’s Activism in Labour and Left- Wing Movements
		1.2 Women’s Movements in the National and International Arenas
		1.3 Social Histories of Gender and Work
		1.4 Life Histories of Activist Women
	2 Chapters in the Volume
		2.1 Women’s Struggles and Men- Dominated Trade Union and Labour Movements: Rethinking a Complex Relationship
		2.2 Women’s Ways of Action: New Perspectives on Repertoires and Agendas
		2.3 Activist Travels through Changing Political Landscapes: The Uses of Life Histories
	3 Toward a Long-Term and Transregional, Integrative, and Critical Approach
		3.1 Long- Term and Transregional
		3.2 Integrative and Critical
	Bibliography
Part 1 Women’s Struggles and Men-Dominated Trade Union and Labour Movements: Rethinking a Complex Relationship
	Chapter 2 On Unity and Unions: St. Petersburg Women Printers and Labour Activism in the Trade Union Paper The Printers’ Herald, 1906
		1 Labour Organization in Late Imperial Russia
		2 The Printers’ Unions
		3 The Voice of the Woman Worker Debate
		4 Reactions
		5 Joining the “Fraternal Ranks” as a Coping Strategy
		6 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 3 Women’s Labour Activism: The Case of Bank Clerks in Central Europe, 1900–1920
		1 Women Bank Clerks after the Turn of the Century
		2 Labour Unions of Bank Clerks: Male-Dominated Associations and Women’s Movements
		3 Gender Pay Gap, Education, Marriage Clauses, and Old-Age Pensions
		4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 4 “Approached as a Force for Labour”: Communist Women’s Fight for Women Workers’ Rights in the Comintern, the Profintern, and Eastern Europe in the 1920s
		1 “The Trade Unions Should Become the Center to Which the Attention of the Women’s Section Is Directed”: The CWM and the Profintern
		2 “Completely Sabotaged by the Central Trade Union Department”: Rank-and-File vs. Leaders and Women vs. Men in the Profintern
		3 Afterword and Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 5 Forgotten Women: Slovak Communist Women’s Struggle for Reproductive Rights on the Pages of Proletárka in the 1920s
		1 New Nation—Old Woman?
		2 Slovak Communists and the National Question
		3 “Angry” Communist Women
		4 The Sexual Liberation of Women—a Vital Issue for the Working Class
		5 Forgotten Women?
		Bibliography
	Chapter 6 “Women as Workers”: Discussions about Equal Pay in the World Federation of Trade Unions in the Late 1940s
		1 The World Federation of Trade Unions in the Late 1940s
		2 WFTU and Equal Pay Discussions in the ECOSOC and CSW
		3 The WFTU Executive Committee Meeting in Rome, May 1948
		4 The Aftermath of the wftu Executive Committee Meeting
		5 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 7 Women’s Activism, Vocational Training, and Cultural Exchanges between East and West: The Case of Cold War Italy (1948–1962)
		1 Vocational Training, Women’s Work, and the Cold War Imaginary in Post-World War Two Italy
		2 The Debate on Equal Pay and Vocational Training at Conferences in the 1950s
		3 Toward More Inclusive Vocational Training: Italian Women’s Activism during the Economic Miracle
		4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 8 “Long Live Our Father”: The Culture of Solidarity, Kinship, and Marriage in Labour Unions, 1964–1965
		1 Conceptualizing Labour Unions as Family
		2 Women’s Labour and Labour Union Activism
		3 Marriage and Other Acts of Kinship
		4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
Part 2 Women’s Ways of Action: New Perspectives on Repertoires and Agendas
	Chapter 9 From Anonymity to Public Agency: The Women’s Publishing Cooperative in St. Petersburg, 1863–1879
		1 Women’s Imagined Community
		2 Prototypes
		3 The Women’s Publishing Cooperative
		4 Members
		5 Why Did It Last So Long?
		6 What Did the WPC Publish?
		7 Politics and the WPC
		8 Conclusion
		Appendixes.  From Anonymity to Public Agency: The Women's Publishing Cooperative in Saint Petersburg, 1863–1879
		Bibliography
	Chapter 10 “Each Woman Must Join the Trade Union of Her Profession!”: Women’s Labour Activism in the Austro-Hungarian Bourgeois-Liberal, Feminist Associations and Their Press
		1 Sources, Methodology
		2 Aims of the Two Organizations in the Field of Labour Activism and Working Women’s Protection and Their Related Press Activity before 1914
		3 Female Work and Women’s Labour Activism in the Journals of GAWA and FA
			3.1 Foreign Women’s Intellectual, Scientific, and Artistic work as Inspiration for Labour Activism
			3.2 The Representation of Labour Activism Done by Organizations on Behalf of Middle-Class Women
			3.3 Discourse Strategies for Covering the Unprotected Situation of Lower-class Women
		4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 11 Women Workers’ Protests Outside the Trade Union Framework: The Case of the Spinners in Żyrardów, Poland, 1918–1951
		1 Unskilled Women’s Strikes in the Historiography
		2 Spinners’ Protests in the Interwar Period
		3 The First Postwar Strikes
		4 The Strikes of 1947
		5 The Strikes of 1951
		6 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 12 Trade Union Activists, Expertise, and Gender Inequalities in the Workplace in Post-1956 Poland: A Struggle to Reveal Unequal Pay
		1 (Un)equal Pay in State-Socialist Poland: The Early Postwar Campaign and Legislation
		2 The Women’s Commission and the Survey about Work Conditions (1957–1960)
		3 Janina Waluk in Search of Explanations for the Pay Gap
		4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 13 The Czechoslovak Women’s Union, Labour Activism, and Expertise under Socialism, 1960s and 1970s
		1 Experts and Women’s Issues in Socialist Czechoslovakia
		2 “The Erudite Discussion of Experts”: Expertise, Differentiated Approaches, and the Czechoslovak Women’s Union’s Commissions
		3 The Czechoslovak Women’s Union, Women’s Paid Work, Unpaid Work, and Care Work
		4 “Find Ways and Create Conditions”: Maternal Leave, Nurseries and Freedom of Choice
		5 “Abandoned Children”: Children’s Homes and Foster Care
		6 The Czechoslovak Labour Code and the Recommendations of the Women’s Union
		7 Women’s Workforce—Different Workforce
		8 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 14 Filmmaking as Activism: Documenting the “Double Burden” in Late Socialist Poland
		1 Reinscribing Women Documentarians into Polish Film History
			1.1 24 Hours in the Life of Jadwiga L. (1968)
			1.2 Our Friends from Łódź (1971)
			1.3 Women Workers (Robotnice, 1980)
		2 Conclusion
		Bibliography
Part 3 Activist Travels through Changing Political Landscapes: The Uses of Life Histories
	Chapter 15 Just Around the Corner: Women’s Self-Organized Care for the Elderly before and after 1989 in East Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic
		1 Three Models of Elderly Care before 1989
		2 Care and the “Great Change” after 1989
		3 Concluding Thoughts
		Bibliography
	Chapter 16 “The Most Important Thing Is That a New Society Can Come Into Being”: Anna Kéthly (1889–1976), a Stubborn and Stalwart Fighter in the Struggle for Democratic Socialism, Women’s Rights, and Trade Union Rights
		1 Kéthly as a Committed Social Democrat
			1.1 Childhood, Youth, and Initial Contact with Politics
			1.2 On the Public Stage
			1.3 The Alternative
		2 Kéthly as a Socialist Feminist
			2.1 Facing Horthy’s Counter-Revolutionary Power and Changes in Women’s Rights
			2.2 Early Discussions on Feminist Issues
			2.3 Kéthly’s Activities in the Hungarian Parliament and the Labour and Socialist International
			2.4 Kéthly’s Relationship with the Feminists’ Association (FA)
			2.5 Total Pacifism
			2.6 Kéthly on Women and her Own Public Persona
			2.7 The Women’s Agenda after 1948
		3 A Politician as Labour Activist
			3.1 Delegate of HAPC in Parliament
			3.2 A Cold War Trade Unionist
		4 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 17 A Croatian American Woman’s Path to Labour-Left Racial Egalitarianism in the Industrial City, 1922–1944
		1 Family Background and Migration
		2 Sixteenth Ward Neighborhoods
		3 Neighborhood and Organizational Life
		4 1944 and Beyond
		5 Conclusion
		Bibliography
	Chapter 18 Hilde Krones and the “Generation of Fulfillment”
		1 Melancholy, Hauntology, and the Imaginative Archive
		2 Buried Archives
			2.1 Ways of Relating
			2.2 Egalité
		3 Liberation from Fear
		4 On the Threshold of Hope and Death
		Bibliography
Index
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