Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Front Matter....Pages i-xxxiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
A Brief History of the Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndromes....Pages 3-9
Embryology of the Thoracic Outlet....Pages 11-16
Anatomy of the Thoracic Outlet and Related Structures....Pages 17-24
Clinical Incidence and Prevalence: Basic Data on the Current Scope of the Problem....Pages 25-28
Front Matter....Pages 29-30
NTOS for the Primary Care Team: When to Consider the Diagnosis?....Pages 31-34
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of NTOS....Pages 35-39
Clinical Presentation of Patients with NTOS....Pages 41-47
Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Possible NTOS....Pages 49-60
NTOS from the Physical Therapists’ Point of View....Pages 61-68
The Gilliatt-Sumner Hand....Pages 69-73
NTOS in the Pediatric Age Group....Pages 75-79
NTOS in the Competitive Athlete....Pages 81-84
Cervical Ribs and NTOS....Pages 85-88
NTOS and Repetitive Trauma Disorders....Pages 89-92
Pectoralis Minor Syndrome....Pages 93-100
Double Crush Syndrome....Pages 101-104
Ergonomic and Postural Issues in NTOS....Pages 105-110
Radiographic Imaging in Diagnosis and Assessment of NTOS....Pages 111-125
Electrophysiological Assessment and Nerve Function in NTOS....Pages 127-131
Scalene Test Blocks and Interventional Techniques in Patients with TOS....Pages 133-142
Front Matter....Pages 29-30
Development of Consensus-Based Diagnostic Criteria for NTOS....Pages 143-155
Pathways of Care and Treatment Options for Patients with NTOS....Pages 157-165
Physical Therapy for NTOS....Pages 167-173
Occupational Therapy Treatment for NTOS....Pages 175-181
Chiropractic Treatment of NTOS....Pages 183-188
Complementary and Alternative Medicine and NTOS....Pages 189-192
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and NTOS....Pages 193-197
Front Matter....Pages 199-199
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for NTOS....Pages 201-208
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Supraclavicular Approach for NTOS....Pages 209-216
Surgical Techniques: Pectoralis Minor Tenotomy for NTOS....Pages 217-223
Surgical Techniques: Cervical Sympathectomy in the Treatment of CRPS/RSD....Pages 225-229
Surgical Techniques: Posterior Approach for Reoperative NTOS....Pages 231-235
Front Matter....Pages 237-237
NTOS: Postoperative Care....Pages 239-246
Passive and Active Rehabilitation After First Rib Resection....Pages 247-252
Pain Management in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Pharmacologic Strategies....Pages 253-260
Pain Management in NTOS – Advanced Techniques....Pages 261-269
Psychosocial Factors in NTOS....Pages 271-275
Psychiatric Considerations in NTOS....Pages 277-280
Assessment and Treatment of Recurrent NTOS....Pages 281-289
Outcomes After Treatment of NTOS....Pages 291-298
Front Matter....Pages 237-237
Directions in Clinical Research on NTOS....Pages 299-304
Front Matter....Pages 305-305
Controversies in NTOS: Is Laboratory Testing Necessary in Patients with NTOS?....Pages 307-310
Controversies in NTOS: Inflammation and Symptom Formation in NTOS....Pages 311-313
Controversies in NTOS: Transaxillary or Supraclavicular First Rib Resection in NTOS?....Pages 315-317
Controversies in NTOS: To Remove the First Rib or Not?....Pages 319-321
Controversies in NTOS: Is NTOS Overdiagnosed or Underdiagnosed?....Pages 323-326
Controversies in NTOS: Is TO Decompression a Vascular, Thoracic, or Neurosurgical Procedure?....Pages 327-329
Front Matter....Pages 331-332
VTOS for the Primary Care Team: When to Consider the Diagnosis....Pages 333-338
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of VTOS....Pages 339-343
Clinical Presentation and Patient Evaluation in VTOS....Pages 345-353
VTOS in the Patient Requiring Chronic Hemodialysis Access....Pages 355-359
VTOS in the Pediatric Age Group....Pages 361-363
VTOS in the Competitive Athlete....Pages 365-369
Advanced Imaging for Vascular TOS....Pages 371-377
Differential Diagnosis, Decision-Making, and Pathways of Care for VTOS....Pages 379-390
Management of the Patient Who Presents Late After Thrombosis....Pages 391-394
Conservative (Non-Operative) Treatment of VTOS....Pages 395-400
Hypercoagulable Conditions and VTOS....Pages 401-404
Physical and Occupational Therapy for Patients with VTOS....Pages 405-410
Front Matter....Pages 411-411
Surgical Techniques: Thrombolysis, IVUS, and Balloon Angioplasty for VTOS....Pages 413-421
Front Matter....Pages 411-411
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for VTOS....Pages 423-428
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Infraclavicular Approach for VTOS....Pages 429-432
Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Paraclavicular Approach for VTOS....Pages 433-445
Surgical Techniques: Medial Claviculectomy for VTOS....Pages 447-449
Surgical Techniques: Jugular Turndown and Other Venous Reconstructions for VTOS....Pages 451-457
Front Matter....Pages 459-459
VTOS: Postoperative Care....Pages 461-470
Outcomes After Treatment of VTOS....Pages 471-491
Assessment and Treatment of Recurrent VTOS....Pages 493-502
Directions in Clinical Research on VTOS....Pages 503-506
Front Matter....Pages 507-508
Controversies in VTOS: Is Lysis Always Required in Patient with Effort Thrombosis?....Pages 509-511
Controversies in VTOS: Is Costoclavicular Junction Decompression Always Needed in VTOS?....Pages 513-515
Controversies in VTOS: Timing of First Rib Resection After Thrombolysis....Pages 517-520
Controversies in VTOS: What Is the Best Approach to the First Rib in VTOS?....Pages 521-525
Controversies in VTOS: Is There Ever a Role for Venous Stents in VTOS?....Pages 527-530
Controversies in VTOS: How Long Should Anticoagulation Be Used in VTOS?....Pages 531-536
Controversies in VTOS: What to Do About the Contralateral Side?....Pages 537-541
Front Matter....Pages 543-543
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of ATOS....Pages 545-549
Clinical Presentation and Patient Evaluation in ATOS....Pages 551-556
Management of Digital Emboli, Vasospasm, and Ischemia in ATOS....Pages 557-563
ATOS in the Competitive Athlete....Pages 565-569
Front Matter....Pages 543-543
Congenital Abnormalities, Cervical Ribs, and Related Bony Abnormalities....Pages 571-577
ATOS in the Pediatric Age Group....Pages 579-582
Differential Diagnosis, Decision-Making, and Pathways of Care for ATOS....Pages 583-587
Front Matter....Pages 589-589
Surgical Techniques: Thrombolysis and Endovascular Intervention for ATOS....Pages 591-595
Surgical Techniques: Approach to the Axillosubclavian Artery....Pages 597-603
Surgical Techniques: Axillary Artery Reconstruction for ATOS....Pages 605-612
Front Matter....Pages 613-613
Outcomes After Treatment of ATOS....Pages 615-618
Assessment and Treatment of Recurrent/Residual ATOS....Pages 619-625
Directions in Clinical Research on ATOS....Pages 627-631
Front Matter....Pages 633-633
TOS: The Perspective of the Patient....Pages 635-641
Nerve and Arterial Injury After First Rib Resection....Pages 643-646
Postoperative Complex Regional Pain Syndrome....Pages 647-653
Functional Outcome and Quality-of-Life Assessment Instruments in TOS....Pages 655-662
Medicolegal Issues in TOS....Pages 663-668
Disability and Workman’s Compensation Issues in TOS....Pages 669-673
Internet-Based Patient and Clinician Resources for TOS....Pages 675-681
Establishing a TOS-Focused Practice....Pages 683-689
Back Matter....Pages 691-705