Thinking: Bioengineering of Science and Art

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction on THINKING: Bioengineering of Science and Art
	Introduction
	Scientific Thinking
	Design Thinking
	Engineering Thinking
	Systems Thinking
	Computational Thinking
	Art Thinking
	Creative Thinking
		The Importance of Problem Discovery
		From Leisure Activities of an Adolescent to Job Accomplishments and Life Satisfaction of an Adult
	Critical Thinking
	Visual Art Thinking
	Imaginative Thinking
	Metaphoric Thinking
	Thinking and the Box
	Janusian Thinking
	Wishful Thinking
	Manager Thinking
	Teacher Thinking
	Integrating Creative and Critical Thinking
		Integrating Creative, Critical Thinking into Clinical Thinking
	Integrating Visual Art Thinking and Scientific Thinking
	Integrating Musical Thinking and Scientific Thinking
	Integrated Visual-Spatial Thinking and Scientific Thinking
		Visual Thinking at the Entrance to the Science-Society Gap
		Visual Thinking at the Entrance to the Education
		Visual Thinking at the Entrance to the Integrated Science
	Integrating Scientific Thinking, Religious Thinking, and Art Thinking
	Integrating Design Thinking and Creative Thinking
	Integrating Creative Thinking and Scientific-Engineering Thinking
	Integrating Art Thinking and Creative Thinking
	Integrating Art Thinking and Design Thinking
	Integrating Art Thinking and Engineering Thinking
	Integrating Engineering Thinking and Architectural Thinking
	Integrating Critical Thinking and Engineering Thinking
	Integrating Design Thinking and Engineering Thinking
	Integrated Computational Thinking and Art Thinking
	Integrated Data-Based Thinking and Art Thinking
	Integrated Thoughts Products: STEM, STEAM, and STEMM
		STEMM
		STEM
		STEAM
			Integrating Artificial Thinking and STEAM Thinking
	Thinking in Classroom
		Constructivist Classrooms
	Thinking Differences
		Profession
		Circadian Typology
		Expertise
		Intelligence
		Personality
		Culture
		Gender
	Thinking Sustainability
		Integrating Critical Thinking, Metacognition, and Scientific Thinking
		Integral Thinking
		Holistic Thinking
	Conclusion
	References
2 Thinking as a Philosophical, Theological and Psychological Phenomenon
	Introduction: How to Approach Thinking?
	Concise History of Thinking Over the Thinking
	Conclusion
	References
3 How to Think About Human-Animal Differences in Thinking: Two Cases of Marginal Analogy in the Philosophical Explication of Animal Cognition
	Introduction
	On Reflexes and Instincts
	On Signs and Symbols
	Conclusion: How to Depart from Marginal Analogy—Animal Cognition as a Field of Diffuse Discontinuities
	References
4 Homo Pictor: A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origins of Human Thinking
	Introduction
	Jonas’ Philosophical Account of the Human Specificity
	Implications of Jonas’ Account for the Clarification of ‘Thinking’
	Conclusion
	References
5 Idealism and Science of Life: An Intersection Between Philosophy and Biology
	Introduction
	Life and Its Origins: A Controversial Story
	Knowing Life
		The Dynamic of the Living
		The Organism as a Model
		A New Teleology
	Thinking Life
	Conclusion
	References
6 Embodied Creativity and Symbolic Variation in the Evolution of Life
	Introduction
	Art and Biology in Comparison with Nature
	Epigenetics and Metabiology
	Adjacent Possible and Creativity of Nature Beyond the Entailing Laws of Physics
	Conclusion
	References
7 Within the Box: Captives of Our Own Mind
	Introduction
	The Left Hemisphere: “It Knows, But It Does Not Believe”
		A Closed System
		Case Study: Planetary Area
		Utility
		Case Study: Mesopotamian ‘States’
		Divides and Sub-divides
		Case Study: Heat Planet
		Arrogant and Over-Optimistic
		Case Study: Losing Earth
	The Right Hemisphere as Master: “It Believes, But It Does Not Know”
		An Open System
		Concerned with Relationships
		Intuitive and Wise
		Realistic/Melancholy
	Conclusion
	References
8 The Dialectic of Mind and Matter in the Trialectic Approach: A New Path of the Cognition Process
	Introduction
		The Outlines of the Problem
		The Controversial Question: Mind or Matter, Is Methodically Unsolved
		The Purpose of the Essay
	The Main Body
		The Method: The Trialectic Approach
			On the Historia of the Method
			The Structure of the Method
				The Scheme
				The Relations
				The Excluded Third Moment
			The Metaphysics of the Method
		The Problem of the Dialectic of Mind and Matter
		The Trialectic: Life–Mind–Matter
		The Relation: Mind lessthan ==|== greaterthan Matter, Set as a Moment
			Analysis I: The Moment “The Relation: Mind lessthan ==|== greaterthan Matter”
			Analysis II: The Moment “Metaphysics”
			Synthesis (= Synthetizing Reflection): The Moment “Subject”
	Conclusion
		The Function of the Argument: Purpose, in the Scheme of the Trialectic Approach
		The Complexity of the Research Process (= Science)
		The Responsibility of the Subject
9 Efforts Deployed in the Penetration of “Thought”
	Introduction
	Thinking and Thought
	About the Thinking Subject and Its Intellective Qualities
	Acts of Thought and the Thought of the Object
	Concepts Correlated to Thought
	Particular Sciences and Thought Exchange
	Conclusion
	References
10 Pseudo-Thinking and Real Thinking
	Introduction
	Psychic Fingerprint and the Real Self
	Deficiency-Motivated People
	Theatrical Relationships
	Self-actualizing People
	Peak Experiences
	Quantum Change
	Three Levels of Existence
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
11 Three Paradoxes of Thought: Thought Power Measured
	Introduction
	Thought Is an Unknown Force
		Mindpower Experiments at Princeton University (USA)
		Thought Changes the Behavior of Electrical Components
	Three Simple Experiments on Thought Force
		Presentation Using Lajtner’s Thought Power Meter
		The Submarine Presentation
		The Paper Wheel Presentation
	Thought Is Force
		How Does the Accelerating Force of Thought Come into Being?
	A Touch of Physics: Wave of Space
		Space Waves
		How to Picture Space Waves?
		Space Waves Are Connections Between Masses (Matter)
		Why Is the Speed of Light Constant?
		Space-Matter Model: Spatial Distances Given by Space Waves
		Wavelength and Spatial Distance
		Time Given by Space Waves
		Time as Spatial Waves
		Our Time Wave and Time Unit
	Is the Velocity of the Mass Always Constant?
		The Velocity of Space Waves Is Constant
		Space Unit and Time Unit Given by the Same Spatial Wave
	Force I
	Light and Particles Can Travel Faster Than c
		Tunneling: Space Made of Matter (Fast Space)
		Superluminal Velocities of Light via Tunneling
	A Touch of Physics of Thought Force
		How Is the “Big” Magnitude of Thought Force Created?
		Thought’s Feedback Mechanism
		Thought Force Exists as Force I
	Thought in World, World in Thought
		Three Paradoxes of Thought
		The Main Paradox of Thought
		Our First Thought
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
12 A New Philosophical Paradigm of Thinking for Particular Sciences: Physics, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Biology
	Introduction
	The New Paradigm, the “Epistemologically Different Worlds” or EDWs, Replaces the Old and Wrong Paradigm, the World or Universe
	Particular Sciences (Physics, Cognitive Neuro(science), Biology) and Their Theories (Which Refer to the Epistemologically Different Entities and Their Laws) within EDWs’ Perspective
	Conclusion
	References
13 Indicators of Variation in Thinking Actions and Reactions
	Introduction
	Understandings
	Giftedness
	Explanation of Indicators of Variation and Thinking Actions and Reactions
		Indicators of Variation in Thinking Actions and Reactions in the Context of Giftedness
			Antipathetic Perspective
			Affirmation
		Back Story
	How and What Gifted Children Learn from an Early Age
	Learning and Neuroplasticity
	How a Gifted Child Might Be Perceived in a Regular Classroom
	Learning and Indications Associated with Parenting Styles
	Indications Associated with Perceptions of Giftedness
	Twice Exceptionality (2e): The Deficit Perspective and Disadvantaged Children
	Misdiagnosis
	Myths and ‘Put Downs’
	Genius, Sense of Belonging, and Attitude
	Indications Associated with the Process of Identification
	Pause for Thought
		Holistic Assessments, Chandelier, and Dimensions of Thinking
		Acknowledgment
	Conclusion: Dimensions of Thinking
	References
14 Multidimensional Thinking: Economizing Thinking and Maximizing Outcomes
	Introduction
	Multidimensional Thinking
		Bloom’s Taxonomy and Multidimensional Thinking
	Economizing Thinking and Maximizing Outcomes
		What Is Philosophy?
		Philosophy Is a Conduit for Multidimensional Thinking
		Philosophy Is a Key for Emancipation from the Tyranny of Custom
		Philosophy Is an Organon for the Actualization of Human Reasoning
		Philosophy for Children and Multidimensional Thinking
	Conclusion
	References
15 How You Know What I Know that She Said About You: Theory of Mind, Intentionality and the Evolutionary Roots of Artistic Practice
	Introduction
	Monkey See, Monkey Duality
	The Moral of the Story Is That Stories Are Moral: Seeing, Reading, Acting
	Conclusion
	References
16 A Philosophical Perspective on the Bioengineering of Art: Ethical Shifts in Mimesis
	Introduction
	The Art of Bioengineering and the Bioengineering of Art
	The Artist as the Champollion of Beauty
	Mimesis of Nature and Mimesis of the Contemplation of Nature
	Contemplation, Action, and Reaction
	Conclusion
	References
17 Thinking Through the Body: Art and Philosophy in Dialogue
	Introduction
	Newcastle, UK, May 19, 2020
	Mexico City, June 1, 2020
	Newcastle, UK, June 12, 2020
	Mexico City, June 26, 2020
	Conclusion
	References
18 Mechanism Versus Organism: A Loosely Kantian Perspective and Its Implications for Bioengineering
	Introduction
	The Development of Kant’s Conception of Living Beings
		Sui Generis, But Not Anti-mechanistic: Affinities Between Kant’s and Leibniz’ Intuitions Regarding Living Beings
		Mechanistic Objects in the First Critique
		Organisms as Natural Purposes
	Taking Stock: What It Takes to Be Alive According to Kant
	Kant and Bioengineering: The Cases of Artificial Intelligence and the Cyborg
		Neural Networks as Organisms?
		Programming, Autonomy, and the Ethics of Cyborg
	Conclusion
	References
19 New Media Art: The Liminal Space Between Thinking and Perceiving
	Introduction
	New Media Art: Artistic Case Studies on Thinking and Perceiving
		Installations that Influence Thinking by Focusing on the Mediation of Technology
		Installations that Investigate Thinking, Emotions, and Perception
		Installations as Thinking Tools
		Installations About Science or Adapting Scientific Findings and Theories
		Personal Experience: Installations and Artistic Methodology Used to Produce and Collect Data (Within Academic Research on Emotions and Sound)
	Conclusion
	References
20 Towards a New Science of Interfaces: Bridging Art and Engineering
	Introduction
	Interface Design in the Age of Overabundant Information
	The Proposed Framework
		Abundance
		Surprise
		The Usefulness of Art
		The Aesthetic Processing of a Visual Interface
		Thoughts
	Combining Art and Engineering in Interface Design: Some Examples
		User Interface
		Information Visualization: Google’s Interface
		Connecting Machines
	Conclusion: Towards a New Humanism for the Science of Interfaces
	References
21 Art as Metacognitive Tool for Critical Thinking in Engineering
	Introduction
	Generation Z and Higher Education
	Creativity in Criticality Approach
		Creativity Model
		Criticality Model
		Thinking Modalities and Metacognition
	Introducing Art Experiences in Engineering Programs
	How Metacognitive Tools Foster Creativity in Criticality
		Artistic Experience #1: Paintings
		Artistic Experience #2: Censorships
		Artistic Experience #3: Surrealisms
		Artistic Experience #4: Music
		Artistic Experience #5: Photographs
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
22 Dimensions of Thinking, Reflecting and Knowing Through Design
	Introduction
	The Study of Design Against a Growing Complexity
	Thinking-in-Design
	Reflective Practice
	Design Knowing
	The Implications of Design Thinking, Reflecting and Knowing
	Conclusion
	References
23 Thinking Through Sound: Music Listening as a Model for Enhanced Cognition
	Introduction
	Music as a Temporal and Sounding Phenomenon
	Dealing with Music: From Structure to Process
	Coping with the Sounds: Biological Underpinnings of Musical Sense-Making
	From Sensory Pleasure to Conscious Enjoyment
	Enhanced Processing and Auxiliary Representations
	Conclusion
	References
24 Poetic Thinking and the Constitution of Our World: On Language and Reality
	Introduction: Reality and Poetic Thinking
	Poetic Thinking: A Poetological Anthropology
	Thinking Language
	Dialogical Thought
	Conclusion
	References
25 Thinking as the Invention of New Aspects Within Language-Games
	Introduction
	Seeing Aspects: Ambiguous Gestalt Figures and Conceptual Perception
	The Autonomy of Grammar in Relation to the Empirical
	Thinking as An Activity of Constitution of Sense
	Conclusion
	References
26 Literature as a Genealogy of Social Sciences
	Introduction
	The Decline of the Aesthetic Discourse
	The Work of Art as An Experience of Truth
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
27 How Rational Thought is Conceived in Christian Doctrine: The Case of Saint Thomas Aquinas
	Introduction
	The Parisian Intellectual Environment
	Why Was the Human Being Able to Reason?
	The Sensitive as the Basis of Understanding
	Understanding as a Means of Knowing Reality
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
28 The Interest of Religion on Ethical Thought in Science
	Introduction
	Religion and Science in Context
		Context Designation of Religion
		Important Origins of Religion and Science
	Separation of Science and Religion: The Catalysts
		Institutional Dogmatism
		Enlightenment
		Postmodernism
	The Fruits of the Separation
		Gains in Natural Science
		The Emergence of Social Science
		Religion as a Social Science
		The Crusade for Human Rights
	The Cost of the Separation
		The Excesses of Science Without Ethics
		‘Religion’ Without Method
	From Relevant Institution Towards Stable Ethical Science
	Conclusion
	References
29 Thinking, Politics, and the Evolutionary Process of Societies
	Introduction
	Beginnings and Process
	Family: The Co-evolution of Mind and Society
	Society: The Co-evolution of Mind and Society
	Humanity and Temporality
	Conclusion
	References
30 Information Processing in Reasoning in the Environment of Forbidden Sentences
	Introduction
	Spaces of Discourse
	Deductive Structures of Discourses
		Taboo Functions and Elm Experts
		Logical Consequence Operators Indexed with Taboo Functions
		Penalty Functions
	Theory of Logical Consequence Operators Indexed by Taboo Functions
		Axiomatic for \langle {{\bf D}}, \, {{\bf CN}}, \, {{\bf T}} \rangle
		Types of Taboo Functions and Indexed Consequence Operators
		Axioms for Penalty Functions
		Types of Penalizing-Tabooing Discourse Structures of Deduction
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
31 The Impact of Economic Science on Human Thinking
	Introduction
	What is Economic Thinking? How Can We Use?
	How the Pandemic Affects the Economic Thinking of the Population?
	Conclusion
	References
32 Generations of Systems Thinking: Models for Future Learning
	Introduction
	General Systems Thinking
	Cybernetics
	A Unifying Vision
	Science and Society
	Modern Biology
	Lessons from Australian Indigenous Scholarship—Unlearning the Western Paradigm
	What Is Broken Now?
	New Ways of Knowing and Learning
	Current Curriculum Modelling
	Can ST Fix This?
	ST Curriculum Modelling
	Organismic Biology Informs Compulsory Educational Modelling: Open Systems
	Discussion
		An Existential Threat in All Its Dimensions
		Embedding Sustainability Across All Curricula
		Change, Our New Constant
		Systems Thinking and Digital Virtual Worlds
		Narratives in Sound Art
		Search for Australia Felix
	Conclusion
	References
33 Systems Thinking and Action for an Entrepreneurial Journey Towards the House of Lab Science
	Introduction
	The Systems Movement
	Systems Thinking for Tackling Complexity in Business
	A Case Study for Systems Action: The House of Lab Science
	Conclusion
	References
34 Systems Approach for Modeling Multifactorial Human Interactions that Affect Ecological and Environmental Systems
	Introduction
	Human Activities Affecting the Quality State of Environmental and Ecological Systems
		The Effects of the Population Increase on Key Environmental Variables
		DPSIR Framework Applied to Assess the State of Key Environmental Variables
		Assessing the Quality of Water Bodies Using the DPSIR Framework
	Conceptual Frameworks Guiding the Development of Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
		Conceptual Frameworks Within the Context of Complex Dynamic Systems
		A Conceptual Framework Represented by a Closed System for an EMS
	Indirect and Direct Drivers Affecting the State of Ecosystems: A Case Study
		Case Study: Analysis of the Tres Palos Coastal Lagoon State
			Indirect Drivers
			Direct Drivers
	Conclusion
	References
35 Cradle to Cradle and Cradle to Grave: Discussing the Case of Eco-coffins
	Introduction: “Cautious Optimism”
	Human-Nature Dichotomies
	From Cradle to Grave
	Case Study: Green Coffins
	Addressing Casket Production
	From C2C: Capsules, Cocoons, and Eco-coffins
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
36 Thinking 2050: Bioengineering of Science and Art
	Introduction
	Discourses
		Discourses of Fears
		Discourses of Hope
		Public Discourse
		Scientific Discourses
		Religious Discourses
	Thinking of New World
		With Fear: The Changing World
		With Hope: Thinking of Changing World
	Thought Force
		With Fear: Human Being or Human-Like Being?
		With Hope: The Power of Thinking of Future–“Pull”
	The Cosmic Scale of Thinking
		With Fear: Thinking is Disappearing
		With Hope: Thinking Has a Mission to Accomplish–being Re-Integrated
	Engineering and Systems Thinking Education
		With Fear: Ambiguities and Uncertainties
		With Hope
			Integrated Engineering and Liberal Arts
			Embedded Systems Thinking for Education
	Philosophy, Social Sciences, and Thinking Education
		With Fear: Educational Problems Have Roots in the Philosophy of Practices
		With Hope
			Universal Science and Education
			Social Sciences and Philosophy Education for the Next Generations
	Curricula
		With Fear: Education as Commerce–Humanities Are Slowly Dying
		With Hope: Art-Integrated curriculum–A Room for Dialogical Thinking
	Design
	Art
		With Fear: Loss of Inspiration, Creativity, and Contemplation
		With Hope: Integrated Art and Science
	Biology
		With Fear
			The Distinction Between Mind and Body
		The Distinction Between Organism and Non-living Being
		With Hope
			An Integrated Information Theory
			Art-Integrated Engineering Liveliness
	Environment and Ecosystems
		With Fear
			Apathy in Specialized and Non-socialized Science
			Distinction Between Human and Animal Life–Extinction and World End
			Consequences of Failure in Assessment—The Permanent Effects of Climate Change on the Environment and Ecosystems
			Lack of a Systemic Approach–The Cause of Ecological Problems
		With Hope
			Transdisciplinary, Social Ecology–Regeneration of the Environment, Human Life, and Non-human Life
			Paradigm Shift–Biodiversity and Architectural Regeneration
	Integrated Science
		With Fear
			The Division Between Science and Religion–The Root of Cognitive Biases in Private and Public Life
			Absence of Supportive Educational Environments for Teaching “thinking on thinking”
			Absence of Economic Humanities and Abundance of Labor–The Root of Irrationality in Economic Thinking in Developing Countries
		With Hope
			A New Paradigm of Thinking for Old Problems in Philosophy, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Physics
			Integrated arts, humanities, and natural sciences
			Transdisciplinary Musicology
			Integrated science–a Factor of Success
			USERN–An Initiative of Integrated Science and Thinking
	Conclusion
	References
Index