Think Java

Preface
	The Philosophy Behind the Book
	Object-Oriented Programming
	Changes to the Second Edition
	About the Appendixes
	Using the Code Examples
	Conventions Used in This Book
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact Us
	Acknowledgments
1. Computer Programming
	What Is a Computer?
	What Is Programming?
	The Hello World Program
	Compiling Java Programs
	Displaying Two Messages
	Formatting Source Code
	Using Escape Sequences
	What Is Computer Science?
	Debugging Programs
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
2. Variables and Operators
	Declaring Variables
	Assigning Variables
	Memory Diagrams
	Printing Variables
	Arithmetic Operators
	Floating-Point Numbers
	Rounding Errors
	Operators for Strings
	Compiler Error Messages
	Other Types of Errors
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
3. Input and Output
	The System Class
	The Scanner Class
	Language Elements
	Literals and Constants
	Formatting Output
	Reading Error Messages
	Type Cast Operators
	Remainder Operator
	Putting It All Together
	The Scanner Bug
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
4. Methods and Testing
	Defining New Methods
	Flow of Execution
	Parameters and Arguments
	Multiple Parameters
	Stack Diagrams
	Math Methods
	Composition
	Return Values
	Incremental Development
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
5. Conditionals and Logic
	Relational Operators
	The if-else Statement
	Chaining and Nesting
	The switch Statement
	Logical Operators
	De Morgan’s Laws
	Boolean Variables
	Boolean Methods
	Validating Input
	Example Program
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
6. Loops and Strings
	The while Statement
	Increment and Decrement
	The for Statement
	Nested Loops
	Characters
	Which Loop to Use
	String Iteration
	The indexOf Method
	Substrings
	String Comparison
	String Formatting
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
7. Arrays and References
	Creating Arrays
	Accessing Elements
	Displaying Arrays
	Copying Arrays
	Traversing Arrays
	Generating Random Numbers
	Building a Histogram
	The Enhanced for Loop
	Counting Characters
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
8. Recursive Methods
	Recursive Void Methods
	Recursive Stack Diagrams
	Value-Returning Methods
	The Leap of Faith
	Counting Up Recursively
	Binary Number System
	Recursive Binary Method
	CodingBat Problems
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
9. Immutable Objects
	Primitives Versus Objects
	The null Keyword
	Strings Are Immutable
	Wrapper Classes
	Command-Line Arguments
	Argument Validation
	BigInteger Arithmetic
	Incremental Design
	More Generalization
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
10. Mutable Objects
	Point Objects
	Objects as Parameters
	Objects as Return Values
	Rectangles Are Mutable
	Aliasing Revisited
	Java Library Source
	Class Diagrams
	Scope Revisited
	Garbage Collection
	Mutable Versus Immutable
	StringBuilder Objects
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
11. Designing Classes
	The Time Class
	Constructors
	Value Constructors
	Getters and Setters
	Displaying Objects
	The toString Method
	The equals Method
	Adding Times
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
12. Arrays of Objects
	Card Objects
	Card toString
	Class Variables
	The compareTo Method
	Cards Are Immutable
	Arrays of Cards
	Sequential Search
	Binary Search
	Tracing the Code
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
13. Objects of Arrays
	Decks of Cards
	Shuffling Decks
	Selection Sort
	Merge Sort
	Subdecks
	Merging Decks
	Adding Recursion
	Static Context
	Piles of Cards
	Playing War
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
14. Extending Classes
	CardCollection
	Inheritance
	Dealing Cards
	The Player Class
	The Eights Class
	Class Relationships
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
15. Arrays of Arrays
	Conway’s Game of Life
	The Cell Class
	Two-Dimensional Arrays
	The GridCanvas Class
	Other Grid Methods
	Starting the Game
	The Simulation Loop
	Exception Handling
	Counting Neighbors
	Updating the Grid
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
16. Reusing Classes
	Langton’s Ant
	Refactoring
	Abstract Classes
	UML Diagram
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
17. Advanced Topics
	Polygon Objects
	Adding Color
	Regular Polygons
	More Constructors
	An Initial Drawing
	Blinking Polygons
	Interfaces
	Event Listeners
	Timers
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
A. Tools
	Installing DrJava
	DrJava Interactions
	Command-Line Interface
	Command-Line Testing
	Running Checkstyle
	Tracing with a Debugger
	Testing with JUnit
	Vocabulary
B. Javadoc
	Reading Documentation
	Writing Documentation
	Javadoc Tags
	Example Source File
	Vocabulary
C. Graphics
	Creating Graphics
	Graphics Methods
	Example Drawing
	Vocabulary
	Exercises
D. Debugging
	Compile-Time Errors
		The compiler is spewing error messages.
		I’m getting a weird compiler message, and it won’t go away.
		I can’t get my program to compile no matter what I do.
		I did what the compiler told me to do, but it still doesn’t work.
	Run-Time Errors
		My program hangs.
		When I run the program, I get an exception.
		I added so many print statements I get inundated with output.
	Logic Errors
		My program doesn’t work.
		I’ve got a big, hairy expression and it doesn’t do what I expect.
		My method doesn’t return what I expect.
		My print statement isn’t doing anything.
		I’m really, really stuck and I need help.
		No, I really need help.
		I found the bug!
Index