Thermodynamics Made Simple for Energy Engineers: & Engineers in Other Disciplines

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy, Heat and Thermodynamics
	1.1: Introduction
	1.2: Energy
	1.3: Root Concepts and Terms that Contribute toward the Production or Transformation of Energy
		1.3.1: Force and mass
		1.3.2: Density and weight density
		1.3.3: Specific volume
		1.3.4: Pressure
		1.3.5: Temperature
		1.3.6: Absolute temperature
		1.3.7: Law of conservation of energy
	1.4: Forms of Energy in Mechanical and Thermodynamic Systems
		1.4.1: Potential energy
		1.4.2: Kinetic energy
		1.4.3: Energy stored in a spring
		1.4.4: Pressure energy
		1.4.5: Heat and internal energy of a system
		1.4.6: Unit conversions3: associated with heat energy
		1.4.7: Molar internal energy
	1.5: Case Study 1.1: Energy and Energy Unit Conversion
		1.5.1: Work
		1.5.2: Work in a mechanical system
		1.5.3: Mathematical equations for work
		1.5.4: Work performed in a thermodynamic system
		1.5.5: Specific heat
	1.6: Case Study 1.2: Energy Conservation, Energy Conversion and Thermodynamics
	Chapter 1—Self-Assessment Problem and Question
Chapter 2: Thermodynamics and Power
	2.1: Introduction
	2.2: Power and Efficiency
		2.2.1: Power
		2.2.2: Units for power
		2.2.3: Common power conversion factors in the SI system
		2.2.4: Units for energy
		2.2.5: SI or Metric unit system
		2.2.6: Common energy conversion factors
		2.2.7: Efficiency
		2.2.8: Power – steam, mechanical and electrical
	2.3: Case Study 2.1. Steam to Electricity Conversion
	Chapter 2—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 3: Study of Enthalpy and Entrophy
	3.1: Introduction
		3.1.1: Enthalpy
		3.1.2: Entropy
	3.2: Case Study 3.1: Entropy Analysis
	Chapter 3—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 4: Understanding Mollier Diagram
	4.1: Introduction
	4.2: Application of Mollier Diagram
		4.2.1: Enthalpy determination
		4.2.2: Entropy determination
	Chapter 4—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 5: Saturated and Superhcteated Steam Tables
	5.1: Introduction
	5.2: Saturated Steam Tables
	5.3: Superheated Steam Tables
	5.4: Single and Double Interpolation of Steam Table Data
	5.5: Quality of Steam Consideration in Thermodynamic Calculations
	Chapter 5—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 6: Phases of Water and Associated Thermodynamics
	6.1: Phases of Substance
		6.1.1: Solid
		6.1.2: Liquid
		6.1.3: Gas
		6.1.4: Sensible heat
		6.1.5: Latent heat
		6.1.6: Saturation temperature
		6.1.7: Saturation pressure
		6.1.8: Subcooled liquid
		6.1.9: Saturated liquid
		6.1.10: Saturated vapor
		6.1.11: Liquid-vapor phase
		6.1.12: Superheated vapor
	6.2: Phase Transformation of Water at Constant Pressure
	6.3: Types of Phase Transformation
		6.3.1: Ideal gas
		6.3.2: Real gas
		6.3.3: Critical point
		6.3.4: Critical properties
		6.3.5: Triple point
		6.3.6: Comparison - triple point vs. critical point
	Chapter 6—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 7: Laws of Thermodynamics
	7.1: Introduction
	7.2: Major Categories of Thermodynamic Systems
		7.2.1: Open thermodynamic systems
		7.2.2: Closed thermodynamic systems
		7.2.3: Isolated thermodynamic systems
	7.3: Laws of Thermodynamics
		7.3.1: First law of thermodynamics systems
		7.3.2: Second law of thermodynamics
	7.4: Case Study 7.1: SI Units
	7.5: Case Study Solution Strategy
	7.6: Case Study 7.1: US/Imperial Units, With Illustration of Interpolation Method
	7.7: Case Study Solution Strategy
		7.7.1: Single and double interpolation of steam table data for enthalpy determination
	Chapter 7—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 8: Thermodynamic Processes
	8.1: Introduction
	8.2: Thermodynamic Processes
		8.2.1: Adiabatic process
	8.3: Adiabatic Process Example I – Throttling Process in a Refrigeration System
	8.4: Adiabatic Process Example II – Compressor Segment of a Refrigeration System
		8.4.1: Isenthalpic or isoenthalpic process
		8.4.2: Isenthalpic process example – Throttling process in a refrigeration system
		8.4.3: Constant pressure or isobaric process
		8.4.4: Isobaric process example I: Evaporation stage of a refrigeration cycle
		8.4.5: Isobaric process example II: Isobaric segments of an ideal cycle heat engine
		8.4.6: Constant temperature or isothermal process
		8.4.7: Isothermal process example I: Steam generation process
		8.4.8: Constant volume process
		8.4.9: Constant volume process example I: Superheated steam generation in a “rigid” constant volume boiler
		8.4.10: Constant volume process example II: Ideal heat engine
		8.4.11: Isentropic or constant entropy process
		8.4.12: Isentropic process example I: Ideal heat engine – carnot cycle
		8.4.13: Throttling process and inversion point
		8.4.14: Thermodynamic equilibrium
		8.4.15: Quasistatic or quasiequilibrium process
		8.4.16: Polytropic process
		8.4.17: Reversible process
		8.4.18: Irreversible process
		8.4.19: Ideal heat engine, ideal heat engine cycle and energy flow
		8.4.20: Reaction turbine
		8.4.21: Impulse turbine
		8.4.22: Process flow in a rankine cycle with superheat
		8.4.23: Rankine cycle equations
	8.5: Case Study 8.1: Rankine Engine
		8.5.1: Carnot cycle
		8.5.2: Carnot cycle equations
		8.5.3: Comparison between rankine and carnot cycles
		8.5.4: Other major types of cycles
		8.5.5: Cogeneration
		8.5.6: Combined cycle
	Chapter 8—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 9: Gas Dynamics
	9.1: Introduction
	9.2: Steady Flow Energy Equation
	9.3: Case Study 9.1
		9.3.1: SI unit system
		9.3.2: US unit system
	9.4: Isentropic Flow
		9.4.1: Critical point (gas dynamics)
		9.4.2: Shock waves
	Chapter 9—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 10: Psychrometry and Psychrometric Analysis
	10.1: Introduction
	10.2: The Psychrometric Chart
		10.2.1: Dry-bulb temperature (DB)
		10.2.2: Wet-bulb temperature (WB)
		10.2.3: Dew-point temperature (DP)
		10.2.4: Relative humidity (RH)
		10.2.5: Humidity ratio
		10.2.6: Specific enthalpy
	10.3: Method for Reading the Psychrometric Chart
	10.4: Psychrometric Transition Process
	10.5: Case Study 10.1: Psychrometrics – SI Unit System
	10.6: Case Study 10.2: Psychrometrics – US Unit System
	Chapter 10—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Chapter 11: Refrigeration Cycles and HVAC Systems
	11.1: Introduction
	11.2: Types of Air Conditioning Systems
		11.2.1: Refrigeration system compressors
		11.2.2: Refrigeration system condenser
		11.2.3: Refrigerants
		11.2.4: Expansion valve
		11.2.5: Cooling capacity of refrigeration systems
		11.2.6: Refrigeration system capacity quantification in A/C tons
		11.2.7: Basic refrigeration cycle
	11.3: Refrigerant Compression
		11.3.1: Wet vapor compression process
		11.3.2: Refrigerant vapor quality ratio
		11.3.3: Dry vapor compression process
		11.3.4: Coefficient of performance, or COP, in refrigeration systems – refrigerator example
	11.4: SEER, Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
	11.5: Case Study 11.1: Refrigeration Cycle
	11.6: Direct Digital Control of HVAC Systems
		11.6.1: Digital or discrete inputs
		11.6.2: Digital or discrete outputs
		11.6.3: Analog inputs
		11.6.4: Analog outputs
	Chapter 11—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
Appendices
	Appendix A
		Chapter 1—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 2—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 3—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 4—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 5—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 6—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 7—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 8—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 9—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 10—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
		Chapter 11—Self-Assessment Problems and Questions
	Appendix B
		Steam Tables
	Appendix C
		Common Units and Unit Conversion Factors
	Appendix D
		Common Symbols
Index
About the Author