Thermal Performance of Nanofluids in Miniature Heat Sinks with Conduits

Preface
Contents
1 Nanofluids
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Nanofluid
	1.2 Miniature Heat Sink
	1.3 Types of Nanofluids
		1.3.1 Base Fluid
		1.3.2 Metallic Nanoparticles
		1.3.3 Oxide Nanoparticles
		1.3.4 Carbon Nanoparticles
		1.3.5 Nanodroplet
		1.3.6 Surfactant
	1.4 Types of Heat Sink
	1.5 Based on Manufacturing Methods
		1.5.1 Active Heat Sink
	1.6 Based on Shape
	1.7 Preparation of Nanofluids
		1.7.1 Single Step Method
		1.7.2 Two-Step Method
	1.8 Characterization of Nanofluids
		1.8.1 Composition of the Nanofluid
		1.8.2 Loading of Nanoparticles
		1.8.3 Impurities in Nanofluid
		1.8.4 Stability of Nanofluid
		1.8.5 Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluid
		1.8.6 Viscosity of Nanofluid
		1.8.7 Specific Heat of Nanofluid
		1.8.8 Specific Gravity of Nanofluid
		1.8.9 Electrical Conductivity of Nanofluid
		1.8.10 Magnetic Property of Nanofluid
		1.8.11 Optical Property of Nanofluid
	References
2 Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids in Heat Sinks
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Flow Characteristics
	References
3 Flat Fin Heat Sink with Forced Convection
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Flat Fin Heat Sink with Forced Convection
	3.3 Optimized Heat Sink Topology
	3.4 Governing Equations
	3.5 Design Variables
	3.6 Straight Channel
	3.7 Wavy Channel
	3.8 Pin–Fin
	3.9 Ribs
	3.10 Oblique Fin Channel
	References
4 Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Micro Channel Heat Sinks
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Microchannel Heatsink
	4.3 Structural Based Bifurcation
	4.4 Double Layer Microchannel
	4.5 Effect of Microchannel Shapes
	4.6 Heat Transfer Enhancing Techniques
	4.7 Geometric Modifications
	4.8 Nanofluids
	References
5 Applications of Miniature Heat Sink
	5.1 Potential Engineering Applications of Nanofluids in the Miniature Channels
		5.1.1 Heat Exchanger
		5.1.2 Electronic Cooling
		5.1.3 Solar Cooling
		5.1.4 Refrigeration and Other Specialized Cooling
	5.2 Biomedical Systems
	5.3 Space and Defense
	5.4 Other Applications
	5.5 Application
	References