Therapeutic Landscape Design: Methods, Design Strategies and New Scientific Approaches

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Urban Health: Applying Therapeutic Landscape Design. Methods, Design Strategies and New Scientific Approaches
	1 Research Outlook
	2 Why Do Towns and Cities Need Therapeutic Landscapes?
	3 Evidence Base
		3.1 Biophilia
		3.2 Attention Restoration Theory
		3.3 Salutogenesis
	4 Putting Theory Into Practice
	5 Design Guidelines
	6 Applying Biophilic Design
	7 Applying Salutogenic Design
	8 Conclusion
	References
Biophilic Design: Nine Ways to Enhance Physical and Psychological Health and Wellbeing in Our Built Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Biophilia
		2.1 Biophilia and Biophobia
		2.2 An Evolutionary History of Biophilia
	3 From Biophilia to Biophilic Design
		3.1 Design by Nature: The Legacy of Stephen Kellert
		3.2 The 15 Patterns of Biophilic Design by Terrapin Bright Green
		3.3 Thirteen Years of Biophilic Design Theories: A Comparative Analysis
	4 The Future of the Biophilic Design
	References
Growing the Seeds of Well-Being in the Garden
	1 Introduction
	2 The Impact of Nature on People
		2.1 Caring for Plants
		2.2 Plants as a Medicine for Elderly
		2.3 Nature as a Therapy for Life
	3 The Five Senses in Relation to the Nature
	4 Community Garden
	5 Horticultural Therapy for Companies
	6 Conclusions
	References
Design of Natural Places for Care: Strategies and Case Studies
	1 Introduction: Gardens for Health
		1.1 Italian Context
		1.2 Gardens for People with Dementia
	2 Case Study: Healing Garden—Garden of Happiness
		2.1 Design Methodology
		2.2 Garden Design Description
		2.3 Results: Therapeutic Target
	3 Case Study: Alzheimer Garden “Il Faggio”
		3.1 Design Methodology
		3.2 Garden Design Description
		3.3 Findings: Therapeutic Target
	References
Therapeutic Architecture. Assessment Tools and Design Strategies for Healing Gardens Implementation
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Purpose and Method
	4 Findings and Discussion
		4.1 Frequency of Use
		4.2 Daily Time Usage
		4.3 Purpose of Usage
		4.4 Self-Reported Health and Wellbeing Outcomes
		4.5 Design Strategies
	5 Conclusions
	References
Approaches to Post-Occupancy Evaluation and Wellbeing in Designed Space
	1 Two Gaps: Before and After Occupancy
	2 How We Live and Inhabit Space
	3 Three Approaches to Post-occupancy Evaluation
		3.1 The Experimental Approach
		3.2 The Social Construction of Design Success
		3.3 Performance and Quality
		3.4 Evolution and Success of the Approaches
	4 Evaluation for Wellbeing: Current Challenges
	References
A “Prosthetic Environment” for Individuals with Dementia
	1 Introduction
	2 General Features of Prosthetic Environments
	3 Sensory Abnormalities in Individuals with Dementia: Vision
		3.1 Reduced Contrast Sensitivity
		3.2 Impaired Movement Perception
		3.3 Difficulty in Identifying Colours
		3.4 Lighting
	4 Examples of Adaptation of Specific Environments
	5 Conclusions
	References
Light, Circadian Rhythms and Health
	1 Chronobiology and Circadian Rhythms
		1.1 Molecular Organization
		1.2 Circadian Individual Preference (Chronotype)
	2 Light
		2.1 Mechanisms for Vision: Image and Non-image Forming
		2.2 Natural Light, Artificial Light?
		2.3 Light and Damage to the Retina
		2.4 Light and Sleep
		2.5 Urban Light
		2.6 Domestic Light
	3 Beneficial Effects of Light Modulation in Special Settings
		3.1 Intensive Care Units
		3.2 Elderly Care Homes
		3.3 Psychiatric Settings
		3.4 Workplaces
	4 Natural Light and Green Spaces: The Healing Gardens
		4.1 Patients with Alzheimer Disease
		4.2 People Living in Elderly Care Homes
		4.3 Children
	5 Conclusions
	References
Green Spaces and Public Health in Urban Contexts
	1 Health Determinants, Physical Activity and Green Areas
	2 Green Spaces and Health: Insights from the Literature
	3 Health Inequalities and Access to Green Spaces
	4 Discussion: Strategies, Tools and the Italian Situation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Active Cities & Health: A Children Perspective
	1 The Active Cities Approach
	2 Children in Cities: A Complex Relationship
	3 The Walk-To-School Research
	References
Design for All: Strategy to Achieve Inclusive and Healthier Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Design for All Strategy
	3 Achieving Inclusive and Healthier Environment Through Design for All Strategy
		3.1 Design Process: Users’ Involvement
		3.2 Design Process: Users’ Activities and Context
		3.3 Design Solutions: Principles and Goals of Universal Design
	4 Case Studies: Design for All in Healthcare Design
		4.1 St. Olavs Hospital
		4.2 Grenville Ward Garden—Royal Cornwall Hospital
	5 Conclusions
	References