Theories of Personality

Cover
ES-2
Half Title
Title
Statement
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface to the Eleventh Edition
Ch 1: Personality: What It Is and Why You Should Care
	Take a Look at the Word
	Personality and the Social Media
	The Role of Race and Gender in Shaping Personality
	The Role of Culture in Shaping Personality
	Assessing Your Personality
	Research in the Study of Personality
	The Role of Theory in Personality Theories
	Questions about Human Nature: What Are We Like?
	Ch 1: Chapter Summary
	Ch 1: Review Questions
	Ch 1: Suggested Readings
	The Psychoanalytic Approach
Ch 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
	The Life of Freud (1856–1939)
	Instincts: The Propelling Forces of the Personality
	The Levels of Personality
	The Structure of Personality
	Anxiety: A Threat to the Ego
	Defenses against Anxiety
	Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Freud’s Theory
	Criticisms of Freud’s Research
	Extensions of Freudian Theory
	Reflections on Freud’s Theory
	Ch 2:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 2:
Review Questions
	Ch 2:
Suggested Readings
	The Neo-psychoanalytic Approach
Ch 3: Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology
	The Life of Jung (1875–1961)
	Psychic Energy: The Basis of Jung’s System
	Aspects of Personality
	The Development of the Personality
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Jung’s Theory
	Research on Jung’s Theory
	Reflections on Jung’s Theory
	Ch 3:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 3:
Review Questions
	Ch 3:
Suggested Readings
Ch 4:
Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology
	The Life of Adler (1870–1937)
	Inferiority Feelings: The Source of All Human Striving
	Striving for Superiority, or Perfection
	The Style of Life
	Social Interest
	Birth Order
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Adler’s Theory
	Research on Adler’s Theory
	Reflections on Adler’s Theory
	Ch 4: Chapter Summary
	Ch 4: Review Questions
	Ch 4: Suggested Readings
Ch 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends
	The Life of Horney (1885–1952)
	The Childhood Need for Safety and Security
	Basic Anxiety: The Foundation of Neurosis
	Neurotic Needs
	The Idealized Self-Image
	Feminine Psychology
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Horney’s Theory
	Research on Horney’s Theory
	Reflections on Horney’s Theory
	Ch 5:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 5:
Review Questions
	Ch 5:Suggested Readings
	The Life-Span Approach
Ch 6: Erik Erikson: Identity Theory
	The Life of Erikson (1902–1994)
	Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development
	Basic Strengths
	Basic Weaknesses
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Erikson’s Theory
	Research on Erikson’s Theory
	Reflections on Erikson’s Theory
	Ch 6:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 6:
Review Questions
	Ch 6:
Suggested Readings
	The Genetics Approach
Ch 7: Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality
	Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab
	The Life of Allport (1897–1967)
	The Nature of Personality
	Personality Traits
	Motivation: What We Strive for
	Personality Development in Childhood: The Unique Self
	The Healthy Adult Personality
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Allport’s Theory
	Research on Allport’s Theory
	Reflections on Allport’s Theory
	Ch 7:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 7:
Review Questions
	Ch 7:Suggested Readings
Ch 8: Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, The Five-Factor Theory, HEXACO, and the Dark Triad
	Predicting Behavior
	The Life of Cattell (1905–1998)
	Cattell’s Approach to Personality Traits
	Source Traits: The Basic Factors of Personality
	Dynamic Traits: The Motivating Forces
	The Influences of Heredity and Environment
	Stages of Personality Development
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Cattell’s Theory
	Research on Cattell’s Theory
	Reflections on Cattell’s Theory
	Behavioral Genetics
	Hans Eysenck (1916–1997)
	The Dimensions of Personality
	Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: The Five-Factor Model
	Michael Ashton and Kibeom Lee: HEXACO: The Six-Factor Model
	Delroy Paulhus and Kevin Williams: The Dark Triad of Personality
	Personality Traits and the Internet
	Reflections on the Trait Approach
	Ch 8:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 8:
Review Questions
	Ch 8:
Suggested Readings
	The Humanistic Approach
Ch 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs-Hierarchy Theory
	The Life of Maslow (1908–1970)
	Personality Development: The Hierarchy of Needs
	The Study of Self-Actualizers
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Maslow’s Theory
	Research on Maslow’s Theory
	Self-Determination Theory
	Reflections on Maslow’s Theory
	Ch 9:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 9:
Review Questions
	Ch 9:
Suggested Readings
Ch 10: Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory
	The Life of Rogers (1902–1987)
	The Self and the Tendency toward Actualization
	The Experiential World
	The Development of the Self in Childhood
	Characteristics of Fully Functioning Persons
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Rogers’s Theory
	Research on Rogers’s Theory
	Reflections on Rogers’s Theory
	Ch 10:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 10:
Review Questions
	Ch 10:
Suggested Readings
	The Cognitive Approach
Ch 11: George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
	The Cognitive Movement in Psychology
	The Life of Kelly (1905–1967)
	Personal Construct Theory
	Ways of Anticipating Life Events
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Kelly’s Theory
	Research on Kelly’s Theory
	Reflections on Kelly’s Theory
	Ch 11:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 11:
Review Questions
	Ch 11:
Suggested Readings
	The Behavioral Approach
Ch 12: B. F. Skinner: Reinforcement Theory
	Rats, Pigeons, and an Empty Organism
	The Life of Skinner (1904–1990)
	Reinforcement: The Basis of Behavior
	Operant Conditioning and the Skinner Box
	Schedules of Reinforcement
	The Shaping of Behavior
	Superstitious Behavior
	The Self-Control of Behavior
	Applications of Operant Conditioning
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Skinner’s Theory
	Research on Skinner’s Theory
	Reflections on Skinner’s Theory
	Ch 12:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 12:
Review Questions
	Ch 12: Suggested Readings
	The Social-Learning Approach
Ch 13:
Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory
	The Life of Bandura (1925–)
	Modeling: The Basis of Observational Learning
	The Processes of Observational Learning
	Self-Reinforcement and Self-Efficacy
	Developmental Stages of Self-Efficacy
	Behavior Modification
	Questions about Human Nature
	Assessment in Bandura’s Theory
	Research on Bandura’s Theory
	Reflections on Bandura’s Theory
	Ch 13:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 13:
Review Questions
	Ch 13:
Suggested Readings
	The Limited-Domain Approach
Ch 14: Facets of Personality: Taking Control, Taking Chances, and Finding Happiness
	Julian Rotter: Locus of Control
	Marvin Zuckerman: Sensation Seeking
	Martin E. P. Seligman: Learned Helplessness and the Optimistic/Pessimistic Explanatory Style
	Martin Seligman: Positive Psychology
	Ch 14:
Chapter Summary
	Ch 14:
Review Questions
	Ch 14:
Suggested Readings
Ch 15: Personality in Perspective
	The Genetic Factor
	The Environmental Factor
	The Learning Factor
	The Parental Factor
	The Developmental Factor
	The Consciousness Factor
	The Unconscious Factor
	Final Comment
	Ch 15:
Review Questions
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
ES-7