Theories of Crime Through Popular Culture

Preface
Acknowledgment
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: An Introduction to Criminological Theory and Popular Culture
	An Overview of Criminology
		Theories as Essential Curriculum
		Applying and Observing Theories at Work
	Popular Criminology and This Book
	Moving Forward
	References
2: Deterrence Theory and Batman
	Two Facets, Same Subject
		Holy Ingredients, Batman (The Swiftness, Certainty, and Severity of Punishment)
	Batman’s and Beccaria’s Boundaries
	Becoming Legends
	References
3: Social Learning Theory and Mean Girls
	A Brief Introduction to Social Learning Theory
		Differential Association
		Differential Reinforcement (Burgess & Akers, 1966)
		Social Learning Theory: Learned Behavior
	Means Girls Summary
	Social Learning Theory in Mean Girls
		Differential Association
		Definitions
		Differential Reinforcement
		Imitation
		Sequence and Feedback Effects
	Conclusion
	References
4: General Strain Theory and The White Shadow
	General Strain Theory: An Introduction
	Detachment from Conventional Others
	The Cost of Criminal Coping
	Basketball as a Conventional Coping Resource
	Conclusion
	References
		Episodes
		Pilot (Season 1, Episode 1)
		Pregnant Pause (Season 1, Episode 5)
		That Old Gang of Mine (Season 1, Episode 7)
		Needle (Season 2, Episode 9)
		The Death of Me Yet? (Season 2, Episode 22)
5: Anomie and The Purge
	Merton’s Anomie
	The Purge Universe
	Society, Anomie, and Strain
	The American Dream in a New Society
	Universalism and Inequality
		Merton’s Five Modes of Adaptation
	The Purge as a Market Economy
		Socialization
		Social Control
	Conclusion
	References
6: Rational Choice Theory and Friends
	Ross’ List
	Joey’s Bankruptcy and Stubbornness
	Monica’s Decision to Leave Richard
	Ross and Rachel’s Annulment
	Chandler and Rachel: Cheesecake Thieves
	The Mugging of Science Boy
	Chandler the Doctor and Monica the Minister
	Conclusion
	References
7: Opportunity Theories and Super Mario Bros.
	Introduction
		Mario Is a Murderer
	Environmental Criminology
	Rational Choice Perspective
		One Player Game: Readiness
		World 1-1: Choice-Structuring Properties
		Thank You, Mario! Your Quest Is Over: Desistance
	Routine Activity Approach
		Activity Spaces and the Routine Activities of the Mushroom Kingdom
		Mario’s Friends as Handlers and the Rest of the “Two Triplets”
	Policy Implications and Empirical Evidence
	References
8: Opportunity Theories and The Bachelor
	Introduction
	The Bachelor: An Overview
	Criminal Opportunity Theories
		Rational Choice
		Routine Activities
		Crime Pattern Theory
	Applying Criminal Opportunity to The Bachelor
	Conclusion
	References
9: Routine Activity Theory and 13 Reasons Why
	Introduction
	Routine Activity Theory
	Episode 1
	Episode 2
	Episode 3
	Episode 4
	Episode 5
	Episode 6
	Episode 7
	Episode 8
	Episode 9
	Episode 10
	Episode 11
	Episode 12
	Episode 13
	Conclusion
	References
10: Self-Control Theory and The Office
	Self-Control Theory: An Overview
	Applying Self-Control Theory to Michael Scott
		Impulsivity
		Simple Tasks
		Risk-Seeking
		Physical Activities
		Self-Centered
		Temper
	Conclusion
	References
		For Further Reading
		Episodes
		Health Care (Season 1, Episode 3)
		Sexual Harassment (Season 2, Episode 2)
		The Fire (Season 2, Episode 4)
		The Fight (Season 2, Episode 6)
		Michael’s Birthday (Season 2, Episode 19)
		Drug Testing (Season 2, Episode 20)
		The Convict (Season 3, Episode 9)
		Back from Vacation (Season 3, Episode 11)
		Women’s Appreciation (Season 3, Episode 21)
		Beach Games (Season 3, Episode 22)
		Fun Run (Season 4, Episode 1)
		Money (Season 4, Episode 4)
		Local Ad (Season 4, Episode 5)
		Branch Wars (Season 4, Episode 6)
		Survivor Man (Season 4, Episode 7)
		Weight Loss Part II (Season 5, Episode 2)
		Business Ethics (Season 5, Episode 3)
		Frame Toby (Season 5, Episode 9)
		The Surplus (Season 5, Episode 10)
		Michael Scott Paper Company (Season 5, Episode 23)
		Gossip (Season 6, Episode 1)
		The Promotion (Season 6, Episode 3)
		Double Date (Season 6, Episode 9)
		Murder (Season 6, Episode 10)
		Scott’s Tots (Season 6, Episode 12)
		Nepotism (Season 7, Episode 1)
		Counseling (Season 7, Episode 2)
		Christening (Season 7, Episode 7)
		Viewing Party (Season 7, Episode 8)
11: Collective Efficacy Theory and Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood
	A Brief Introduction to Collective Efficacy
		Social Control and Community Attachment
		Factors Influencing Collective Efficacy, Social Control, and Attachment
	Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood as a Center of Collective Efficacy
		Food Insecurity in the Neighborhood
		Deviance and Anger in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe
	Conclusion
	References
12: Life-Course Theory and Romance
	Life-Course Criminology and Desistance
	Ontogenetic Theories
	Sociogenetic Theories
	Narrative Theories
	The Power of Film
	Film Summaries
	Representations of Life-Course Criminology in Romance Films
	Conclusion
	References
13: Labeling Theory and Joker
	Becker’s Labeling Theory
	Application to Joker
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
14: Hegemonic Masculinity and Game of Thrones
	Theory: Hegemonic Masculinity and Structured Action
	Ramsay: The Worst Person on Television
		The Torture of Theon Greyjoy
		Military Betrayals
		Myrcella, Tansy, and the Girls of Dreadfort
		The Rape of Sansa Stark
		The Murder of Lord Roose Bolton, Lady Walda Bolton, and Baby Boy Bolton
		Battle of the Bastards
	Theoretical Analysis
		Hegemonic Masculinity in Westeros
		Bastardy: Baseborn Children
		Legitimization
	Conclusion
	References
		Episodes and DVD Extras
		Winter Is Coming (Season 1, Episode 1)
		Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things (Season 1, Episode 4)
		The Climb (Season 3, Episode 6)
		Mhysa (Season 3, Episode 10)
		The Lion and The Rose (Season 4, Episode 2)
		The Mountain and the Viper (Season 4, Episode 8)
		Kill the Boy (Season 5, Episode 5)
		Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken (Season 5, Episode 6)
		The Gift (Season 5, Episode 7)
		Book of the Stranger (Season 6, Episode 4)
		The Iron Throne (Season 8, Episode 6)
15: Critical Criminology and Hunger Games
	Introduction
	The Hunger Games
	Critical Criminology
	State Crime
		Illegal Domestic Surveillance
		Human Rights Violations
		State-Corporate Crime
		State Violence
	Conclusion
	References
16: Radical Criminology and Star Wars
	A Primer in Radical Criminology
	A Long Time Ago, in a Galaxy Far, Far Away
	Government Controlled Narrative
	Using the Law to Root Out Political Dissidence
	“You Know About the Rebellion Against the Empire?” Rebellion as Radicalism
	The Power of the Dark Side: Internalized Oppression and Self-Negation
	Genocide and the Erasure of Unwanted Peoples
	Conclusion
	References
Index