The World Summit on Sustainable Development: The Johannesburg Conference

TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 14
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 16
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 18
LIST OF TABLES......Page 20
LIST OF BOXES......Page 22
INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 24
CHAPTER 1 - THE JOHANNESBURG CONFERENCE......Page 30
1. Introduction......Page 31
2.1. The UN environmental conferences......Page 34
2.2. Implementation of the Rio agreements......Page 35
2.4. The Doha Declaration......Page 37
2.5. The Monterrey Consensus......Page 40
2.7. The WSSD targets......Page 41
3.1. Organisation......Page 43
3.2. The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development......Page 44
3.3. Plan of Implementation of the WSSD......Page 45
3.4. Type II partnerships for Sustainable Development......Page 55
4.1. The WSSD......Page 57
4.2. Evaluation of WSSD outcomes......Page 60
5. Conclusion......Page 61
References......Page 62
1. Introduction......Page 63
2.1. Trends in world poverty......Page 64
2.2. Strategies for poverty alleviation......Page 65
2.3. Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation......Page 67
3. Poverty, sustainability and growth......Page 71
3.1. Growth and the environment......Page 72
3.2. Naturalising development thinking......Page 75
4. The way forward......Page 78
4.2. Exploring the links......Page 79
5. Conclusion......Page 80
References......Page 81
1. Introduction......Page 84
2.1. A matter of grave concern......Page 85
2.3. Domestic policy frameworks......Page 87
3.1. International programme of work......Page 88
3.2. Rio+ 5: More action-oriented?......Page 90
3.3. Consumer guidelines on sustainable consumption......Page 93
3.4. Rio+10: The implementation gap......Page 94
4.1. Lessons from the past......Page 103
4.2. Towards a ten-year programme of work......Page 104
4.3. Corporate responsibility and accountability......Page 106
4.4. Cleaner production and eco-efficiency......Page 107
4.5. Other proposed actions......Page 108
4.6. Role of trade and investment......Page 110
5. Conclusions......Page 111
References......Page 113
1. Introduction......Page 117
2. The African water vision......Page 118
4. The Accra conference......Page 120
6. Responding to the crisis: the role of water......Page 122
7.1. Multiplicity of transboundary water basins......Page 124
7.3. Growing water scarcity......Page 126
7.4. Inadequate institutional and financing arrangements......Page 127
7.7. Increasing demand and low investments......Page 128
8. The key challenges......Page 129
9. What did the WSSD achieve?......Page 130
9.1. Access and availability......Page 132
9.3. Capacity building and technological needs......Page 133
10. The Water Dome......Page 134
11. Conclusion......Page 136
References......Page 137
1. Introduction......Page 138
2. Energy and sustainable development: conceptual connections......Page 139
2.1. Energy and environmental stress......Page 140
2.2. Energy and economic growth......Page 141
2.3. Energy and basic human needs......Page 143
3. Global policy on energy and sustainable development......Page 145
3.1. Stockholm, 1972......Page 146
3.2. Rio de Janeiro, 1992......Page 148
3.3. Johannesburg, 2002......Page 151
3.4. An evolving agenda......Page 154
References......Page 156
CHAPTER 6 - MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT......Page 160
1. Introduction......Page 161
2. Setting the stage for Johannesburg: Agenda 21 and post-Rio actions......Page 162
3. Rotterdam Convention......Page 165
4. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants......Page 166
5. Bahia declaration and priorities for action beyond 2000......Page 168
7. Reduce risks posed by heavy metals to human health and the environment, including a global assessment of mercury and its compounds......Page 170
8. Conclusions......Page 172
References......Page 173
1. Introduction......Page 176
2. Health......Page 177
3. Disease and Ill Health......Page 179
4. Disease and population changes......Page 184
5. Changing behaviour......Page 188
6. Vulnerable groups......Page 190
7. Economics......Page 193
8. Education......Page 196
9. Beliefs and values......Page 198
10. Westernisation......Page 199
11. Traffic, air quality and chemicals......Page 201
12. Conclusions......Page 204
References......Page 205
CHAPTER 8 - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES: THE CASE OF THE MALDIVES......Page 207
1. Introduction......Page 208
2. Vulnerability and small islands......Page 210
2.1. Demography/Measuring Vulnerability......Page 211
3. Maldives – a typical small island developing state......Page 213
3.1. Demography......Page 215
3.2. Socio-economic status......Page 216
3.3. Freshwater......Page 217
3.4. Energy......Page 218
3.5. Pollution......Page 219
3.6. Biodiversity......Page 220
3.7. Climate change and sea-level rise......Page 221
3.8. Implications of climate change to sustainable development......Page 224
4. Progress in implementation and future prospects......Page 227
References......Page 230
1. Historical overview......Page 234
2.2. The Second Ministerial Conference, Luzern 1993......Page 236
2.5. The Fifth Ministerial Conference, Kiev 2003......Page 237
3.1. Atmosphere......Page 238
3.2. Soil......Page 239
3.4. Biodiversity......Page 240
4. General problems......Page 241
5. Regional Environmental Centre......Page 242
6. The EU and the CEE countries......Page 243
References......Page 244
CHAPTER 10 - WSSD 2002, LATIN AMERICA AND BRAZIL: BIODIVERSITY AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE......Page 246
1.1. Scientific networks......Page 247
2. The diversity of life forms......Page 249
3. The Brazilian heterogeneity: environmental, demographic, and socio-economic diversity......Page 253
4. The Amazonian dilemma......Page 254
5. Indigenous peoples and sustainability......Page 256
6. Conclusions......Page 258
References......Page 259
CHAPTER 11 - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE FINANCIAL WORLD......Page 263
1. Johannesburg and its means of implementation......Page 264
2. Official development assistance and the development banks......Page 265
3. Open and equitable multilateral trading and financial systems......Page 266
3.2. Problems regarding long term financial security......Page 267
4.1. The role of corporations......Page 268
4.2. FDI versus ODA......Page 269
6. Generating resources in the public sector......Page 270
7.1. UNEP statement by financial institutions......Page 271
7.2. UNEP statement by the insurance industry......Page 273
8. A survey on the state-of-the-art sustainability and banking......Page 274
8.1. The London Principles......Page 275
8.4. The SiRi Group suggested actions for disseminating SRI-practices......Page 276
9.1. Sustainability Reporting, GRI and AA1000......Page 277
10. Sustainable and responsible investments......Page 280
10.1. Success in the market......Page 281
10.2. Performance......Page 282
10.3. Mainstreaming and convergence......Page 283
10.4. Engagement......Page 284
10.5. The carbon disclosure project......Page 286
11. SRI: global objectives, local divergences......Page 287
12. The impetus of the European definition on CSR......Page 289
12.3. Offering fair deals to stakeholders......Page 290
13.1. Harmonisation of the data collecting process?......Page 291
14. Conclusions......Page 292
References......Page 293
1. Introduction......Page 297
2.1. \"Means of implementation\" of the JPI......Page 298
2.2. The Ubuntu Declaration......Page 299
2.3. Some other initiatives on education for sustainable development......Page 300
3.1. The problem and some of the issues central to it......Page 302
3.2. Cause–effect relationship......Page 304
3.3. Can science and technology deliver sustainable development?......Page 305
4.1. In the ancient civilisations......Page 307
4.2. In Western civilisations......Page 308
5.1. Need for a moral renaissance......Page 311
5.2. Methodology......Page 313
6. Conclusion......Page 317
References......Page 319
CHAPTER 13 - SCIENCE, RESEARCH, KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY BUILDING......Page 321
1. Introduction: what does a fair world mean in respect to finite environmental resources?......Page 322
2. Which grand challenges do earth\'s societies face?......Page 323
3. Was the WSSD in Johannesburg a science summit?......Page 325
4. What is on the science agenda – before and after Johannesburg?......Page 327
5. How many dimensions does capacity building have?......Page 329
6. What about \"best practice examples\" in capacity building?......Page 330
7. How to communicate the \"scientific value\" of sustainability?......Page 332
8. Wanted: scientists with hearts and new ideas – all over the world......Page 333
9. Conclusion: what does the new contract between science and the public look like?......Page 335
References......Page 338
1. Introduction......Page 340
2. The concept of governance......Page 341
3. Good governance......Page 343
4. The role of civil society......Page 345
5. Participation......Page 346
5.1. Types of participation......Page 348
6. Link between governance and participation......Page 349
8. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development......Page 350
9.1. Occurrence in political declaration and plan of implementation......Page 351
9.2. A chapter on \"governance\" or on \"institutional framework\"?......Page 352
9.3. The vital role of partnerships......Page 354
9.5. Good governance for Africa......Page 355
10. Treatment of \"participation\" at the World Summit......Page 356
11. Post WSSD......Page 360
11.1. Global environmental governance: Need for a World Environment Organisation......Page 361
11.3. Environmental governance and trade......Page 362
12. Conclusion......Page 363
References......Page 364
1. Introduction......Page 367
2. Partnerships......Page 368
2.2. Partnership concepts......Page 369
2.3. Process of forming a partnership for sustainable development......Page 373
2.4. Key features of successful multi-stakeholder partnerships......Page 375
2.5. The case for partnerships for sustainable development......Page 376
3.1. Type II partnerships......Page 377
3.2. Criteria/guiding principles debate......Page 378
3.4. CSD-11......Page 379
3.6. Other UN partnership activities......Page 380
4.2. Confusion......Page 381
4.4. The interest of the parties......Page 383
5.2. The CSD and \"partnerships for sustainable development\"......Page 386
5.3. Promotion of \"partnerships for sustainable development\" (pfsd)......Page 388
5.4. Political......Page 389
6. Conclusions......Page 390
References......Page 391
CHAPTER 16 - IS MULTILATERALISM THE FUTURE? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OR GLOBALISATION AS \"A COMPREHENSIVE VISION OF THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY\"......Page 393
2. The vague mandate and unfocused agenda of the WSSD......Page 394
3. The international political ritual of review and re-commitment: a never-ending story......Page 396
4.1. Partnerships......Page 399
4.2. The Johannesburg Declaration......Page 404
4.3. The PoI of the WSSD: action-oriented decisions and time-bound measures?......Page 407
5. Conclusion: too little multilateralism to bridge the gap between economic globalisation and sustainable development......Page 411
References......Page 413
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......Page 414
A......Page 422
C......Page 423
D......Page 425
E......Page 426
F......Page 427
G......Page 428
I......Page 429
L......Page 431
M......Page 432
P......Page 433
R......Page 435
S......Page 436
T......Page 437
U......Page 438
W......Page 439
Z......Page 440