The World Information War Western Resilience, Campaigning, and Cognitive Effects

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
Figures
Contributors
Foreword
Introduction: The world information war
	Notes
	References
Part I How did this war start?
	1 A brief history of propaganda: ‘A much maligned and misunderstood word’
		References
	2 Homo Digitalis enters the battlefield
		References
Part II Truth, cognition, and control
	3 Democracy and the contemporary media: What is the problem?
		Introduction
		Public discourse in the contemporary media environment
		Democracy and deliberation
		The bad effects of problematic public discourse
		Implications of problematic public discourse for freedom and equality
		Individual and structural aspects of problematic public discourse
		Two paths forward: collective intelligence and mediated deliberation
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	4 The changing nature of propaganda: Coming to terms with influence in conflict
		Introduction
		The changing nature of propaganda
		A problem with definitions
		The view from Russia
		Information warfare: war of the wor(l)ds?
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	5 ‘Does my suffering matter?’: Storytelling and the military
		Do stories matter?
		The place of stories in the military
		The art of storytelling
		Conclusion
		References
Part III How others fight
	6 Women, digital imagery, and the Islamic State: ‘Guns and roses’
		Introduction
		Conceptual unveiling
		Jihad in definition and tradition
		Transforming roles in terror
		ISIL: women in the media
		Use of social media
		Recruitment tactics and migration motivations
		The sample
		Network
		Media
		Originality
		Perceived audience
		Faceless enemies
		Content analysis
			Cats
			Weapons
			Religion
			Female subjects
			Child subjects
			Male subjects
		Conclusions: identity and autonomy
		Postscript
		References
	7 Social media, computational propaganda, and control in China and beyond
		The resurgence of propaganda
		What is propaganda?
		Propaganda has a deliberate purpose
		Propaganda deliberately misrepresents symbols
		Propaganda appeals to emotions and prejudices, bypassing rational thought
		Propaganda works because of underlying attitudes or behaviours of audiences
		Propaganda may or may not be seen as necessarily nefarious and incompatible with democracy
		Propaganda in the Chinese context
		Chinese human-powered propaganda distribution
		Distraction, positivity, and nationalism, not political arguments
		Quantification and de-politicization: key trends in Chinese computational governance
		Final thoughts
		Notes
		References
	8 Russian information warfare: Construct and purpose
		Introduction
		Essential concepts and terminology
		‘Russian cyber warfare’
		War and peace
		Implications
		Aims and objectives
			Strategic victory
			Permissive environment
			Subversion and destabilization
			Defensive measures
		Outlook
		Notes
		References
Part IV Policy response and how to fight
	9 Algorithmic pluralism: Media regulation and system resilience in the age of information warfare
		The new paradigm: info-war and democracy
		The world information war is a war on democracy
		Media narratives of the Salisbury poisonings
		Freedom of expression, national security: fundamental rights as a framework for media in liberal democracy
		Fourth estate as front line: truth, responsibility and autonomy in press and broadcasting regulation
		Social media regulation and the new information warfare: surrender?
		Conclusions: pluralism and media system resilience
		Notes
		References
	10 Digital propaganda, counterpublics, and the disruption of the public sphere: The Finnish approach to building digital resil
		Introduction
		Theorizing propaganda in the digital age
			What is digital propaganda and how does it work?
			The information space: the macro- vs micro-sphere
			Counterpublic theory and resilience
		Digital propaganda in Finland
			Case study 1: the ‘child custody’ narrative
			Case study 2: Finland and the EU migrant crisis
			Case study 3: the targeting of journalists and researchers
			Case study 4: Finnish ‘alternative media’: MV-Lehti and Hommaforum
		Discussion: what can we learn from Finland?
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	11 Information warfare: Theory to practice
		The theory of information in war
		Cases of information warfare: theory in practice
		Information warfare in the twenty-first century
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	12 Artificial intelligence, security, and society
		Introduction
		AI vs. humans
		You are just data
		Big data is watching you
		So what? Data-driven influence campaigns
		So what? External interference
		Fake news
		Responses
		References
Part V On the horizon
	13 From Beijing bloggers to Whitehall writers: Observations on the ‘invisible war’
		The war of words
		Win the population; win the war
		Information capabilities: from rolling tanks to Twitter thunder
			Decision-making, social media, aggregation
			Politico-military influence
			Evolving information (and political warfare) environment
		Weaponization of sociality and cognition
			Disinformation vs. stories
			Profiling advantage
			Perception, meaning, effect
		Where next?
		Notes
		References
	14 War in the age of uncertainty
		References
Index