The Woman Suffrage Movement in the United States

Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of Figures
Chronology
Who’s Who
Glossary of Organizations
Abbreviations
Part I Background
	1 Introduction
		A Long and Diverse Suffrage Movement
		Prioritizing the Right to Vote
		Studying the Suffrage Movement
Part II Analysis
	2 Early Demands for Women’s Rights
		The American Revolution and Natural Rights
		Growing Educational Opportunities for Education for Women
		Industrialization and Separate Spheres in the Early Republic
		The Second Great Awakening
		Moral Suasion and the Early Nineteenth-Century Reform Movement
		Conclusion
	3 Women in the Anti-Slavery Movement
		A Range of Viewpoints Among Abolitionists
		Maria W. Stewart, the First Woman Abolitionist Lecturer
		Lucretia Coffin Mott and the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
		Angelina and Sarah Grimke Defend Women’s Anti-Slavery Activism
		Conclusion
	4 Women’s Rights Convention Begin
		Petitions for Woman Suffrage at the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1846
		The World’s First Women’s Rights Convention, Seneca Falls, New York, 1848
		Women’s Rights Conventions Continue
		Sojourner Truth Preaches Against Racism and Sexism
		Other Black Women Activists at Women’s Rights Conventions
		Conclusion
	5 Suffrage and Citizenship After the Civil War
		Susan B. Anthony
		American Equal Rights Association and Universal Suffrage
		Stanton and Anthony Abandon Universal Suffrage
		Human Rights and Citizenship Rights
		Supreme Court Decisions Fail to Support Women’s Rights
		Conclusion
	6 The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, the Home Protection Ballot, and Women’s Clubs
		The Progressive Reform Era, 1880s–1910s
		Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
		Frances Willard Advocates for the Home Protection Ballot
		The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union in the South
		The Rise of Women’s Clubs
		Mary Church Terrell and the National Association of Colored Women’s Support for Suffrage
		Black Clubwomen and the Disenfranchisement of Black Men in the South
		White Clubwomen and the General Federation of Women’s Clubs
		Municipal Housekeeping
		Conclusion
	7 State Suffrage Campaigns in the Late Nineteenth Century
		Early Efforts in the Western Territories and States
		The 1896 California Referendum
		Carrie Chapman Catt and Early Iowa Suffrage Efforts
		Conclusion
	8 The Suffrage Movement Expands
		The Southern Strategy
		NAWSA Promotes Racism to Win Suffrage
		Raising Money From Wealthy Women for NAWSA
		College Equal Suffrage League
		Working-Class Women and the Women’s Trade Union League
		The Uprising of the 20,000
		Conclusion
	9 Infighting at NAWSA Headquarters
		Recruiting Wealthy Donors to the Movement
		Alva Vanderbilt Belmont and the New NAWSA Headquarters
		Conflict at Headquarters Continues With New Auditor Katharine McCormick
		Conclusion
	10 Victory in California
		Working-Class and Wealthy Women Combine Efforts in California’s Campaign
		Obtaining Support From Diverse Voters
		California’s Strategy Adopted by Other States
		Conclusion
	11 Suffragists Take to the Streets
		“Open Air” Speakers
		Suffrage Parades
		Alice Paul and the Washington, DC Suffrage Parade
		Black Women and the Washington, DC Parade
		Ida B. Wells, Anti-Lynching Activist and Suffragist
		Ida B. Wells and the Washington, DC Suffrage Parade
		Marie Bottineau Baldwin and the Washington, DC Suffrage Parade
		Washington, DC Marchers Attacked
		Conclusion
	12 Rival National Associations
		Alice Paul and the New Congressional Union
		The Rift Widens
		Paul Leaves NAWSA With Alva Belmont
		Conclusion
	13 The Public Relations Campaign to Win Support for Suffrage
		The Importance of Letters
		NAWSA’s Bureau of Suffrage Education
		Publicity Through Mainstream and Suffrage Newspapers
		The Woman’s Journal Becomes NAWSA’s Official Newspaper
		Conclusion
	14 Campaign Strategy in Illinois, Iowa, and New York
		Presidential Suffrage in Illinois
		Illinois Women Have the Vote
		Unsuccessful Campaigns in Iowa
		The Importance of New York
		Upstate New York and New York City
		Black Suffragists in New York
		Success in New York in 1917
		Conclusion
	15 Lobbying Congress for the Nineteenth Amendment
		Appealing to Southern White Senators
		Punishing the Party in Power
		Carrie Chapman Catt and the Winning Plan
		Suffrage House, Washington, DC
		The National Woman’s Party
		White House Pickets
		Conclusion
	16 The National Woman’s Party and NAWSA in South Carolina, New Mexico, and Texas
		South Carolina Organizes for Suffrage
		Opposition to Woman Suffrage in South Carolina
		New Mexico Women Prioritize the Federal Amendment
		Nina Otero-Warren Leads the New Mexico National Woman’s Party
		Texas Women and Primary Election Voting
		Organizing Black Women in Texas
		Woman Suffrage and Citizenship Voting Amendments in Texas
		Conclusion
	17 Suffragists Win Support in Congress for a Federal Amendment
		Suffragists Support World War I
		Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in Congress
		Suffragists Burn Wilson in Effigy
		Congress Votes for the Nineteenth Amendment
		Conclusion
	18 Tennessee: The Thirty-Sixth State to Ratify the Nineteenth Amendment
		The Road to Thirty-Six States
		Tennessee: The Long Road to Ratification
		Suffragists Go to Tennessee
		Ratification at Last
		Conclusion
Part III Assessment
	19 Conclusion: The Nineteenth Amendment and Voting Rights From 1920 to the Present
		Black Women in the South
		Immigration, Race, and Citizenship
		Black Women Appeal to White Women for Assistance
		The Voting Rights Act of 1965
		The Women’s Rights Movement
		Conclusion
Part IV Documents
	Documents
Guide to Further Reading
References
Index