The War Against Nonhuman Animals: A Non-Speciesist Understanding of Gendered Reproductive Violence

Acknowledgments
Contents
1 Introduction: The War Against Nonhuman Animals
	Inspiration for Writing the Book
		Setting the Scene
	The Terminology Used in the Book
		The Violence(s) Discussed in This Book
		Reproductive Violence and Reproductive Coercion
	The ‘Dreaded Comparisons:’ Atrocity and Slavery Analogies
		Slavery
		Violence Against Women
	Moving Forward with a ‘Multi-Optic’ Vision
	The War Against Nonhuman Animals
		Wadiwel (2015) The War Against Animals
		Institutional Violence
		Epistemic Violence
	My Thesis on the War Against Nonhuman Animals
		International Humanitarian Law, the Geneva Conventions, and the Additional Protocols
		Armed Conflict
		Avenue 1: Nonhuman Animals as Combatants/Civilians
		Avenue 2: Nonhuman Animals as Objects and Military Targets
		A Criminology of War
	The Case Studies and Populations Included in the Book
	Methodology and Analytical Framework
	The Main Arguments of the Book
	Organization of  the Book
	References
2 Granting Nonhuman Animals Legal Personhood: The Implications for Human and Nonhuman Animals
	Introduction
	Intersectionality and Species Difference
	Speciesism and Animal Sentience
	The Legal Context
		The New Speciesism
	Philosophical Discourses on Nonhuman Animals
	Animal Rights and the Legal Personhood Status of Nonhuman Animals
		Equal Consideration and Consciousness
		Autonomy and Self-Determination
		The Sameness Argument
	Challenging the Orthodox View of Legal Personhood
	The Nonhuman Rights Project
		The Case of Happy the Elephant
		The Cases of Tommy and Kiko the Chimpanzees
		International Progress
		What Does Legal Personhood Achieve?
	Posthumanism and What It Means to Be Human
		Animalization, Dehumanization, and (Non)human Animals
	Conclusion—The Way Forward
	References
3 Assaults on Fertility and Motherhood: Gendered Reproductive Violence and Reproductive Coercion Against Human and Nonhuman Animals
	Introduction
	Outline of the Chapter
	War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity, and Reproductive Violence
	Forced Pregnancy
		Unlawful Confinement
		The Forcible Impregnation of a Woman
		The Intention of the Perpetrator
	Reproductive Coercion
	Woman-As-Nation
	Sexual, Genocidal, and Reproductive Violence Against Jewish Women During the Holocaust
	Assault on Jewish Motherhood Through Forced Sterilizations and Forced Abortions
	The 1971 Liberation War
	Rape and Genocidal Violence
		Forced Pregnancy
	The Regulation of Women’s Post-War Reproductive Bodies
	Reproductive and Genocidal Violence Against the Uighur Population in China
		Chinese Birth Control Policies
		Summary
	Patriarchy and Animal Husbandry Practices
	Rape, Sexual Violence, and the Forced Impregnation of Dairy Cows
		Why Use the Term Rape?
		Wartime Rape
	Separation of Mother and Calf
		The Experience of Calves
	Sexual Violations Within the Dairy Industry
		Gillespie
		This Is Dairy Farming
	Milk Production
	Reproductive Violence and Reproductive Coercion Against Sows Within the Meat Industry
	Reproductive Violence Against Hens Within the Egg Industry
	Overlapping Sources of Oppression
		Assault on Reproduction and Motherhood
		Mother-Cow as Mother India
		Hetero- and Anthropatriarchy
		Dehumanization
	Conclusion
	References
4 Male-Directed Conflict-Related Sexual and Reproductive Violence Against Human and Nonhuman Animals
	Introduction
	Outline of the Chapter
	Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys
	The Vulnerability of the Penis
	Genital Violence, Castration, and Enforced Sterilization
		The Former Yugoslavia
		Darfur
	Queer Understandings of Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys
		What Are the Implications for Nonhuman Animals?
	Animalization and Racialized Violence in East Pakistan/Bangladesh and India
	Summary
	Reproductive Violence Against Bulls Within the Dairy Industry
		Artificial Vagina
		Electroejaculation
	Sexual Violations Within the Meat Industry
		Conflict-Related Sexual and Reproductive Violence
		The Vulnerability of the Penis
		Displacement from Gendered Personhood
	Shared Sources of Oppression
		Race and Racism
		Gender
		Speciesism
	Sexual and Reproductive Violence and the Human Security Framework
	Conclusion
	References
5 The Nature, Motivations, and Consequences of the Animal-Industrial Complex
	Introduction
	Outline of the Chapter
	‘Deading Life’: Biopolitical Violence and the Factory Farm
		So Where Does This Leave Us and Our Analysis of the War Against Nonhuman Animals?
	Carnism and the Animal-Industrial Complex
		Alienation
	Marxism and the Exploitation of Nonhuman Animals
		Nonhuman Animals as Laborers
		Do Nonhuman Animals Produce Commodities?
	Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the US
	What Are the Impacts of CAFOs?
		Public Health Implications
		Antibiotic Resistance
		Environmental
		Slow Violence and the Animal-Industrial Complex
	The Impact on Industry Workers
		Factory Farm Workers
		Slaughterhouse Workers
	The Central Paradox of the ‘More Than Human’ Biopolitical Dream
	Moving Forward: Non-Dairy and Vegan Alternatives
		Which Alt-Milk Is the Best?
		What About the Impact of Soy?
		The Link Between Soy Production and Deforestation
		Alternatives to the Capitalist Model
	Conclusion
	References
6 Conclusion
	The Plight of the Grey Squirrel
	The Main Arguments of the Book
	How Do We Tackle the Violence(s) of War?
		Non-speciesist Law
		Non-speciesist Intersectionality
	How Do We Protect Nonhuman Animals from the Violence(s) of This Species War?
	Who Benefits from the Dismantling of the Carnist Battlefield?
	References
Index