The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands: Part 2

The Tectonic and GeologicEvolution of SoutheastAsian Seas and Islands:Part 2......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Seismotectonics of the Northern Philippine Island Arc......Page 7
Tectonic Setting......Page 8
Luzon......Page 9
Taiwan......Page 10
Data Sources and Methods......Page 11
The Role of the Philippine Fault......Page 12
Eastern Luzon......Page 15
The Manila Trench......Page 18
Luzon Strait......Page 19
Southern Taiwan......Page 22
Conclusions......Page 24
References......Page 26
Origin and History of the South China Sea Basin......Page 29
Magnetic Anomaly Data and Seafloor Spreading History......Page 30
Heat Flow Versus Age Versus Depth......Page 36
Seamounts......Page 37
Sediment Distribution and Basement Topography......Page 38
Crustal Structure......Page 41
The Continent-Ocean Boundary Zone......Page 42
Complexities in the Opening Historyof the South China Basin......Page 49
The Tertiary Evolution of the South China Basin......Page 51
Mid-Jurassic-Middle Cretaceous Figure 18a......Page 56
Mid-Oligocene Figure 18c......Page 57
Middle Miocene Figure 18e......Page 58
Summary......Page 59
References......Page 60
Introduction......Page 63
Bathymetry and Offshore Geology......Page 70
Seismicity......Page 73
Recent Deformation Along the East Luzon Margin......Page 75
Transform Fault......Page 79
Previous Subduction Episodes......Page 80
Conclusions......Page 84
Reference......Page 85
1. Introduction......Page 87
3. Geological Setting of Sampling Sites......Page 88
4. Paleomagnetic Results......Page 89
4.2 Late Miocene......Page 90
4.4. Oligocene Results......Page 91
4.5. Eocene Results......Page 92
5. Tectonic Implications of the Paleomagnetic Results......Page 97
5.2. Tectonic Models of the Philippines......Page 98
5.3. Paleomagnetically Based Tectonic Modelof the Philippines......Page 99
Early to Mid Miocene......Page 100
References......Page 101
Geology of the Zambales Range, Luzon, Philippine Islands: Ophiolite Derived from an Island Arc-Back Arc Basin Pair......Page 103
Introduction......Page 104
Petrology of the Acoje......Page 108
Conclusions......Page 129
References......Page 130
Introduction......Page 132
Stratigraphy of Sedimentary Rocks Associated With the Zambales Ophiolite......Page 135
West Flank Stratigraphy and Structures......Page 137
Uplift History From Sandstone Compositions......Page 138
Tilting History From Seismic Reflection Profiles......Page 139
Comparison of Ophiolite Sediments With Philippine SeaDSDP Sites......Page 142
Discussion: Paleogeographic Implications of Stratigraphy......Page 144
References......Page 145
Introduction......Page 147
Regional Setting......Page 148
Sampling and Analytical Procedures......Page 149
Overview......Page 151
The Upper Gabbros and Diabases......Page 153
The Sill and Dike Complex......Page 154
Metamorphism......Page 155
Calcium and Sodium......Page 158
Iron and Manganese......Page 159
Summary......Page 160
Tectonic Implications......Page 161
References......Page 162
Introduction......Page 165
The Verde Island Transform-Rift......Page 167
Palawan-Macolod Lineament......Page 168
Mount Mariveles and Mount Natib......Page 169
Batangas Bay......Page 170
Mount Makiling......Page 171
The Laguna Monogenetic Scoria Cone and Maar Field......Page 172
Taal......Page 173
South Luzon Mountain Range......Page 177
Tectonics......Page 178
References......Page 179
Introduction......Page 181
General Characteristics of Porphyry Deposits......Page 185
Regional Geology......Page 187
Miocene Volcanism and Plutonism......Page 188
Miocene Volcanic-Sedimentary Unit......Page 189
Agno Batholith......Page 190
Porphyry Deposits......Page 195
Batangas-Marinduque......Page 197
Marian Alkalic Deposit......Page 201
Sipalay......Page 203
Hinobaan......Page 205
Tectonic Synthesis......Page 208
Petrogenesis of Porphyry Copper Deposits......Page 211
Trace Element Data......Page 213
Geochemical Synthesis......Page 219
References......Page 221
Introduction......Page 225
Data Acquisition and Analysis......Page 226
Temporal Distribution of Earthquakes......Page 231
Epicenter and Hypocenter Distribution......Page 233
Earthquake Distribution......Page 237
Value of b......Page 241
References......Page 242
Introduction......Page 244
The Pagan Fracture......Page 245
Data Reduction......Page 247
Refraction Line A: Transform Valley......Page 248
Refraction Line B: Transform-Plate Transition......Page 255
Discussion......Page 258
Conclusions......Page 260
References......Page 261
Experimental setting......Page 263
Data Description and Processing......Page 265
Data Analysis......Page 266
Interpretation......Page 268
Discussion......Page 270
References......Page 272
Regional Tectonic Setting......Page 274
Discussion......Page 281
Vertical Displacements......Page 282
Relative Vertical Motion......Page 283
Further Discussion and Speculations......Page 285
References......Page 287
Introduction......Page 289
Geology of the East Philippine Sea Plate......Page 290
Paleomagnetism......Page 291
Introduction......Page 293
Discussion of Paleomagnetic Results......Page 294
Structural Geology of the Southern Mariana Arc......Page 295
Discussion......Page 296
Conclusions and Interpretation......Page 297
References......Page 300
Introduction......Page 302
Sample Locations......Page 304
Noncumulate Ultramafic Rocks......Page 305
Cumulate Gabbros and Ultramafic Rocks......Page 310
Parental Magmas and Relationto the Volcanic Rocks......Page 317
Synthesis......Page 318
References......Page 321
Arcs With Actively Spreading Back Arc Basins......Page 326
Back Arc Spreading and Volcanism in Philippine Sea: Background......Page 327
Pulses of Volcanism in the Philippine Sea......Page 328
Conclusions and Implications......Page 330
References......Page 331
Introduction......Page 334
General Geological and Geophysical Setting......Page 335
Calculation of Crustal Shortening Across the Caroline-Pacific Plate Boundary......Page 344
Province III......Page 345
Deformation Structures......Page 349
Control of Deformation Structures......Page 352
Summary......Page 354
References......Page 355
Data Presentation......Page 357
Saipan......Page 358
Palau Islands......Page 360
Discussion......Page 362
References......Page 366
Introduction......Page 368
Previous Studies......Page 369
Structural Relations......Page 375
Neogene Plate Interaction......Page 376
References......Page 379
Introduction......Page 381
Tectonic Setting......Page 382
Major and Trace Element Chemistry......Page 383
Sr and Pb Isotopes......Page 388
Sr Isotope Constraints......Page 389
Appendix: Methods......Page 393
References......Page 394
Geology and Sampling......Page 396
Paleornagnetism......Page 397
Significance of Results......Page 400
Discussion......Page 401
Conclusion......Page 402
References......Page 403