The Surface Wettability Effect on Phase Change

Introduction
Contents
1 Introduction
	References
2 An Introduction to Wettability and Wetting Phenomena
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Equilibrium
	2.3 Pinning/Depinning
	2.4 Dynamics of Wetting
	2.5 Applications
	2.6 Phases Changes and Wetting
	References
3 Heat Transfer Enhancement During Dropwise Condensation Over Wettability-Controlled Surfaces
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Surface Coatings
		3.1.2 Effects of Saturation Pressure, Heat Flux, and Non-condensable Gases
		3.1.3 Vapor Velocity
		3.1.4 Superhydrophobic Surfaces
		3.1.5 Low Surface Tension Fluids
	3.2 Measuring Heat Transfer Coefficients During DWC
		3.2.1 Main Measuring Techniques
		3.2.2 Measurements in Presence of Vapor Velocity
	3.3 Droplet Population
		3.3.1 Models for Drop Size Distribution
		3.3.2 Measurement of Drop Size Distribution
	3.4 Heat Transfer Models for DWC with Quiescent Vapor
		3.4.1 Le Fevre and Rose (1966) Model
		3.4.2 Kim and Kim (2011) Model
		3.4.3 Miljkovic et al. (2013) Model
		3.4.4 Chavan et al. (2016) Model
	3.5 Effect of Vapor Velocity on DWC Heat Transfer Coefficient
		3.5.1 Description of the Model by Tancon et al. (2021)
		3.5.2 Comparison Against Experimental Data
	3.6 Effect of Main Parameters on the Heat Transfer Coefficient
		3.6.1 Temperature Drops and Cumulative Normalized Heat Flux Distribution
		3.6.2 Predicted Effect of Contact Angle Hysteresis, Coating Thermal Resistance, Heat Flux and Vapor Velocity on the Heat Transfer Coefficient
	3.7 Conclusions
	References
4 About Phenomenology and Modeling  of Dropwise Condensation
	4.1 Dropwise Condensation: An Effective Way to Transfer Heat
		4.1.1 The Drop's Lifecycle
		4.1.2 Drops Population Models
	4.2 Drop-Size Distribution According to Individual-Based and Population-Based Models
	4.3 Heat Transfer
		4.3.1 Heat Flux Distribution According to Drop-size
		4.3.2 Parametric Analysis
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
5 Spreading, Wetting and Drying of Human Blood
	5.1 Human Blood Properties
		5.1.1 Spreading, Wetting and Evaporation of Human Blood Drops
		5.1.2 Drying of Human Blood Drops
		5.1.3 Stages of Human Blood Pool Spreading, Wetting and Drying
		5.1.4 Drying of Human Blood Pools
	5.2 Conclusion
	References
6 Evaporation Effect on the Contact Angle and Contact Line Dynamics
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 How Evaporation Can Modify the Wetting Conditions?
		6.1.2 Relevant Microscopic Phenomena
		6.1.3 Liquid Flow in the Wedge
		6.1.4 Boundary Conditions
	6.2 Evaporation into Pure Vapor
		6.2.1 Fourth Boundary Condition
		6.2.2 Asymptotic Analysis for Immobile Contact Line
		6.2.3 Parametric Study of the Apparent Contact Angle
		6.2.4 Simultaneous Contact Line Motion and Evaporation
		6.2.5 Comparison with Experimental Data
	6.3 Diffusion-Controlled Evaporation
		6.3.1 Problem Statement
		6.3.2 Kelvin Effect and Dimensionless Formulation
		6.3.3 Weak Evaporation Approximation
		6.3.4 Impact of the Thickness of Diffusion Boundary Layer
		6.3.5 Apparent Contact Angle
	6.4 Conclusions
	References
7 Leidenfrost Effect and Surface Wettability
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Leidenfrost Drop Dynamics
	7.3 Factors Affecting Leidenfrost Temperature
	7.4 Applications
	7.5 Summary
	References
8 On the Development of Icephobic Surfaces: Bridging Experiments and Simulations
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Atmospheric Icing
		8.1.2 From Traditional Methods to Surface Strategies Against Icing
		8.1.3 Existing Literature and the Goal of This Chapter
	8.2 Nucleation Physics: Key Concepts
		8.2.1 Classical Nucleation Theory
	8.3 Latest Advances on Surface Strategies Against Icing
		8.3.1 Ice Adhesion
		8.3.2 Icephobic Surfaces
		8.3.3 Experimental Testing for Anti-Icing Surfaces
	8.4 Numerical Simulations: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Experiments
		8.4.1 State-of-The-Art in Numerical Modelling
		8.4.2 Continuum Modeling: Achievements, Strengths, and Limitations
		8.4.3 Molecular Modeling: Achievements, Strengths, and Limitations
		8.4.4 Summary
	8.5 Conclusions and Perspective on Future Research
	References
9 A Mesoscale Modeling of Wetting: Theory and Numerical Simulations
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 The Diffuse Interface Model for Multiphase Systems
	9.3 Application to the Simulation of Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation in Pool Boiling Conditions
	9.4 Conclusions
	References
10 Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Design of Engineering Processes
	10.1 MD Description
		10.1.1 Newton Equation and Integration Scheme
		10.1.2 Interaction Potentials
		10.1.3 Liquid Characterization
	10.2 Hydrodynamic Assist in Forced Wetting
		10.2.1 Spontaneous Spreading
		10.2.2 Forced Wetting
	10.3 Drop Pinning on an Incline
		10.3.1 MD and Pinning
	10.4 Concluding Remarks
	References
11 Multi-scale Multiphase Flow Gas–Liquid–Solid Interfacial Equation Based on Thermodynamic and Mathematical Approach
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Gas–Liquid Interfacial Model
		11.2.1 Interfacial Interaction on the Basis of Conventional Approach
		11.2.2 Development of Interfacial Model for Interfacial Interaction
	11.3 Gas–Liquid–Solid Interfacial Model
		11.3.1 Existing Models for Wetting Phenomena
		11.3.2 Multi-scale Model for Gas–Liquid–Solid Interface
	11.4 Summary
	References