The Social Brain: A Developmental Perspective

Contents
Preface
	Structure of the Book
I: Early Social Perception and Cognition
	1. Development of Voice Perception in the Human Brain
		Overview
		Introduction
		Development of Voice Perception Skills
		Development of Voice Perception in the Brain
		Implications and Conclusions
		Conclusion
		References
	2. Building a Face-Space for Social Cognition
		Overview
		Introduction
		Multidimensional Representation of Faces: The Face-Space Model
		The Shaping of the Face-Space in Early Infancy
		From Face-Space Scaling to Early Racial Biases
		Social Biases Revealed by Face Scanning: Eye-Tracking Measures
		Neural Correlates of the Adult Face-Processing Networks
		Development of the Social Brain: Infant Face-Processing Network
		Summary and Conclusion
		References
	3. Principles and Concepts in Early Moral Cognition
		Overview
		Introduction
		Moral Principles
		Moral Concepts
		Concluding Remarks
		Acknowledgments
		References
	4. Early Social Cognition: Exploring the Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
		Overview
		Background
		Review of Studies Implicating the mPFC in Social Information Processing during Infancy
		Integration and Discussion
		Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
		Conclusions
		References
	5. Foundations of Imitation
		Overview
		Introduction
		Development of Imitation
		Is Imitation Innate?
		Mirror Learning
		Conclusion
		References
	6. The Development of the Social Brain within a Family Context
		Overview
		Introduction
		Representation of the Parent within a Child’s Brain
		Representation of the Child within a Parent’s Brain
		Synchronous Neural Response in the Parent–Child Dyad
		Conclusions and Future Directions
		References
II: Language and Theory of Mind
	7. Infants’ Early Competence for Language and Symbols
		Overview
		Introduction
		A Symbolic Brain
		Development of the Frontal Areas in Humans
		The Power of Words in Infants
		Are Words Symbols?
		Speech, an Information Tool for the World
		Conclusion
		References
	8. Developing a Theory of Mind: Are Infants Sensitive to How Other People Represent the World?
		Overview
		Introduction
		Attributing False Beliefs about Locations
		Attributing False Beliefs about an Object’s Identity
		Can Infants Encode Others’ False Beliefs?
		Can Adults and Young Children Spontaneously Encode Others’ Beliefs about Dual-Identity Objects?
		Can Infants Spontaneously Encode Beliefs Involving Identity Relations?
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	9. How Do Young Children Become Moral Agents? A Developmental Perspective
		Overview
		Introduction
		Is Morality Innate?
		Empirical Indicators of Normative Stances
		Language and Morality
		The Emergence of Normative Stances
		The Developmental Construction of Moral Norms and the Active Role of the Child
		Conclusion
		References
	10. Understanding Others’ Minds and Morals: Progress and Innovation of Infant Electrophysiology
		Overview
		Introduction
		Infants’ Understanding of Others’ Minds
		Infants’ Expectations and Evaluations of Others’ Sociomoral Behavior
		Advantages of Electrophysiology
		Using Electrophysiology to Understand the Nature of Infants’ Theory of Mind
		Using Electrophysiology to Understand the Nature and Developmental Origins of Infants’ Sociomoral Cognition
		Conclusion
		References
	11. Cognitive and Neural Correlates of Children’s Spontaneous Verbal Deception
		Overview
		Introduction
		Temptation Resistance Paradigm
		Hide-and-Seek Paradigm
		Undesirable Gift Paradigm
		Recent Training Studies
		Conclusion
		References
III: Prosocial Behavior
	12. Multiple Mechanisms of Prosocial Development
		Overview
		Introduction
		Evolutionary Roots of Human Prosociality
		Early Sociomoral Evaluations and Preferences
		Consolation and Comforting
		Sharing
		Helping and Cooperation
		Future Directions
		References
	13. Selective Prosocial Behavior in Early Childhood
		Overview
		Introduction
		The Partner Choice Model of Reciprocity
		Partner Choice in Early Human Development
		Cognitive Routes to Selective Prosocial Behavior
		Conclusion
		References
	14. What Do We (Not) Know about the Genetics of Empathy?
		Overview
		Introduction
		The Components and Processes Involved in Empathy
		Phenotypical Individual Differences in the Components of Empathy
		Genetic Underpinnings of Individual Differences in Empathy
		Conclusions
		References
	15. The Development of Children’s Sharing Behavior: Recipients’ and Givers’ Characteristics
		Overview
		Introduction
		Characteristics of the Recipient
		Giver’s Characteristics
		Conclusion
		References
IV: Social Categorization
	16. The Role of Essentialism in Children’s Social Judgments
		Overview
		Introduction
		Childhood Essentialism
		Cultural and Developmental Variation in Childhood Essentialism
		Environmental Effects
		Conclusions
		References
	17. Are Humans Born to Hate? Three Myths and Three Developmental Lessons about the Origins of Social Categorization and Intergroup Bias
		Overview
		Introduction
		Myth 1: Babies Are Racist
		Myth 2: People Are Predisposed to Hate Out-Groups
		Myth 3: People Inevitably Think of Differences between People as the Difference between Animal Species
		Conclusion
		References
V: Atypical Social Cognition
	18. Toward a Translational Developmental Social Cognitive Neuroscience of Autism
		Overview
		Introduction
		References
	19. Developmental Origins of Psychopathy
		Overview
		Social Brain in Psychopathy
		What Do We Know about the Origins of Psychopathy?
		Translational Implications
		Conclusion
		References
	20. Morals, Money, and Risk-Taking from Childhood to Adulthood: The Neurodevelopmental Framework of Fuzzy Trace Theory
		Overview
		Introduction
		Background
		Decision Biases in Children and Adults: Framing and Singularity Effects
		Criminal Risk-Taking, Autism, and Psychopathy
		Summary and Conclusions
		References
Contributors
Index