The Singer's Guide to German Diction

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The Singer\'s Guide to German Diction
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Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
The Singer\'s Guide to German Diction
1. FUNDAMENTALS
	CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
		A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE: WHERE IT CAME FROM
		INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
	CHAPTER 2. WORD STRUCTURE
		2.1 WORD STEM
			Strong Verbs
			Plural Forms of Nouns
		2.2 PREFIXES
			Unstressed Prefixes
			Stressed Prefixes
			Prefixes That Can Be Stressed or Unstressed
			Prefixes with an Irregular Stress Pattern
		2.3 SUFFIXES
		2.4 GRAMMATICAL ENDINGS
			Conjugation
			Conjugation Table: Weak (Regular) Verb
			Conjugation Table: Strong (Irregular) Verb
			Declension
		2.5 COMPOUND WORDS
		2.6 WORD STRESS
			Stress in Words of Non-Germanic Origin
2. VOWELS
	CHAPTER 3. INTRODUCTION TO VOWELS
		VOWEL CHART
		VOWEL LENGTH
		NEUTRAL VOWELS—SCHWA AND VOCALIC-R
		VOWEL ONSET—GLOTTAL SEPARATION
	CHAPTER 4. MONOPHTHONGS I: TONGUE VOWELS
		4.1 LONG AND CLOSED [iː], NON-SYLLABIC [i]̯ , SHORT AND OPEN [ɪ]
			Exercises for [iː], [i], [i̯], and [ɪ]
				EXERCISE 4.1.1 Medial [iː] and [ɪ]
				EXERCISE 4.1.2 Initial [hiː], [hɪ] and [ǀiː], [ǀɪ]
				EXERCISE 4.1.3 Initial [ǀiː] and [ǀɪ]
				EXERCISE 4.1.4 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [iː], [i], [i̯], [ɪ]
		4.2 LONG AND CLOSED [eː], LONG AND OPEN [Ɛː], SHORT AND OPEN [Ɛ], SCHWA [Ə]
			Exercises for [eː], [e], [ɛː], [ɛ], and [ə]
				EXERCISE 4.2.1 Medial [eː], [ɛː], and [ɛ]
				EXERCISE 4.2.2 Initial [heː],[hɛ]and [ǀeː],[ǀɛ]
				EXERCISE 4.2.3 Initial [ǀeː] and [ǀɛ]
				EXERCISE 4.2.4 Medial [iː] and [eː]
				EXERCISE 4.2.5 Applying the pronunciation rules for [eː],[e],[ɛː],[ɛ],[ə]
		4.3 LONG AND OPEN [Ɑː], SHORT AND CLOSED [a]
			Exercises for [ɑː] and [a]
				EXERCISE 4.3.1 Medial [ɑː] and [a]
				EXERCISE 4.3.2 Medial [ɑː] and [ɛː]
				EXERCISE 4.3.3 Medial [a] and [ɛ]
				EXERCISE 4.3.4 Initial [ha] and [ǀa]
				EXERCISE 4.3.5 Initial [ǀɑː] and [ǀa]
				EXERCISE 4.3.6 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [ɑː] and [a]
	CHAPTER 5. MONOPHTHONGS II: LIPVOWELS
		Lip Vowels
		5.2 LONG AND CLOSED [uː], SHORT AND OPEN [ʊ]
			Exercises for [uː], [u], and [ʊ]
				EXERCISE 5.2.1 Medial [uː] and [ʊ]
				EXERCISE 5.2.2 Medial and initial [uː] and [oː]
				EXERCISE 5.2.3 Medial [ʊ] and [ɔ]
				EXERCISE 5.2.4 Initial [huː], [hʊ], and [ǀuː]; [ǀʊ]
				EXERCISE 5.2.5 Initial [ǀuː] and [ǀʊ]
				EXERCISE 5.2.6 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [uː], [u], and [ʊ]
		5.1 LONG AND CLOSED [oː], SHORT AND OPEN [ɔ]
			Exercises for [oː], [o], and [ɔ]
				EXERCISE 5.1.1 Medial [oː] and [ɔ]
				EXERCISE 5.1.2 Medial [oː] and [ɑː]
				EXERCISE 5.1.3 Medial [ɔ] and [a]
				EXERCISE 5.1.4 Initial [hoː] and [ǀoː] and Initial [hɔ] and [ǀɔ]
				EXERCISE 5.1.5 Initial [ǀoː] and [ǀɔ]
				EXERCISE 5.1.6 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [oː], [o], and [ɔ]
	CHAPTER 6. MONOPHTHONGS III: MIXED VOWELS
		6.1 LONG AND CLOSED [øː], SHORT AND OPEN [oe]
			Exercises for [øː] and [oe]
				EXERCISE 6.1.1 Medial [eː] and [øː]
				EXERCISE 6.1.2 Medial [ɛ] and [oe]
				EXERCISE 6.1.3 Medial [oː] and [øː]
				EXERCISE 6.1.4 Medial and initial [ɔ]and [oe]
				EXERCISE 6.1.5 Medial [øː]and [oe]
				EXERCISE 6.1.6 Initial [høː]and [ǀøː]
				EXERCISE 6.1.7 Initial [ǀøː]and [ǀoe]
				EXERCISE 6.1.8 Medial and initial [øː]and [yː]
				EXERCISE 6.1.9 Medial [oe]and [ʏ]
				EXERCISE 6.1.10 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [øː]and [oe]
		6.2 LONG AND CLOSED [Yː], SHORT AND OPEN [ʏ]
			Exercises for [yː] and [ʏ]
				EXERCISE 6.2.1 Medial [iː] and [yː]
				EXERCISE 6.2.2 Medial [ɪ] and [ʏ]
				EXERCISE 6.2.3 Medial [uː] and [yː]
				EXERCISE 6.2.4 Medial [ʊ] and [ʏ]
				EXERCISE 6.2.5 Medial [yː] and [ʏ]
				EXERCISE 6.2.6 Initial [hyː] and [ǀyː]
				EXERCISE 6.2.7 Initial [ǀyː] and [ǀʏ]
				EXERCISE 6.2.8 Medial [yː] and [øː]
				EXERCISE 6.2.9 Medial [ʏ] and [oe]
				EXERCISE 6.2.10 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [yː], [y], and [ʏ]
	CHAPTER 7. DIPHTHONGS
		7.1 DIPHTHONGS [a͡e], [ɑ͡o], AND [ɔ͡ø]
			Exercises for [a͡e], [ɑ͡o], and [ɔ͡ø]
				EXERCISE 7.1.1 Medial [a] and [a͡e]
				EXERCISE 7.1.2 Medial [ɑː] and [ɑ͡o]
				EXERCISE 7.1.3 Medial [ɔ] and [ɔ͡ø]
				EXERCISE 7.1.4 Medial [a͡e] and [ɑ͡o]
				EXERCISE 7.1.5 Medial [ɑ͡o] and [ɔ͡ø]
				EXERCISE 7.1.6 Medial [ɔ͡ø] and [a͡e]
				EXERCISE 7.1.7 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [a͡e], [ɑ͡o], and [ɔ͡ø]
3.
CONSONANTS
	CHAPTER 8. INTRODUCTION TOCONSONANTS
		VOICING
		PLACES OF ARTICULATION
		MANNER OF ARTICULATION
			Consonant Chart
		CONSONANT LENGTH
	CHAPTER 9. FRICATIVES
		9.1 LABIODENTAL FRICATIVE [f] AND [v]
			Exercises for [f] and [v]
				EXERCISE 9.1.1 Initial [f] and [v]
				EXERCISE 9.1.2 f [f] Versus ff [f]
				EXERCISE 9.1.3 [f] and [f͡f]
				EXERCISE 9.1.4 [f͡f] and [fv]
				EXERCISE 9.1.5 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [f] and [v]
		9.2 ALVEOLAR FRICATIVE [s] AND [z]
			Exercises for [s] and [z] (see also Exercises 9.3.2–9.3.5)
				EXERCISE 9.2.1 Initial [s] and [z]
				EXERCISE 9.2.2 [s] in Single Consonants s and ß Versus Double Consonantss
				EXERCISE 9.2.3 Prevocalic [z] in Initial and Medial Position
		9.3 PRE-PALATAL FRICATIVE [ʃ] AND [Ʒ]
			Exercises for [ʃ] and [ʒ]
				EXERCISE 9.3.1 Initial [ʃ] and [ʒ]
				EXERCISE 9.3.2 [st] and [ʃt]
				EXERCISE 9.3.3 [sp] and [ʃp]
				EXERCISE 9.3.4 [ʃ] and [sç]
				EXERCISE 9.3.5 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [s], [z],[ʃ], and [ʒ]
		9.4 PALATAL FRICATIVE [ʝ], [Ç], AND VELAR FRICATIVE [X]
			Exercises for [ ʝ], [ç], and [x]
				EXERCISE 9.4.1 Initial [ ʝ] and [ç]
				EXERCISE 9.4.2 Medial and Final [ç] and [x]
				EXERCISE 9.4.3 Final [ç] and [k]
				EXERCISE 9.4.4 Medial and Final [x] and [k]
				EXERCISE 9.4.5 Medial [ç] and [ʃ]
				EXERCISE 9.4.6 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [ ʝ], [ç], and [x]
		9.5 GLOTTAL FRICATIVE [h]
		9.6 GLOTTAL SEPARATION [ǀ]
			Exercises for [h] and [ǀ]
				EXERCISE 9.6.1 [h] and [ǀ]
				EXERCISE 9.6.2 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [h]
				EXERCISE 9.6.3 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [ǀ]
	CHAPTER 10. PLOSIVES
		ASPIRATION
		DEVOICING
		10.1 BILABIAL PLOSIVES [p] AND [b]
			Exercises for [p] and [b]
				EXERCISE 10.1.1 Initial [p] and [b]
				EXERCISE 10.1.2 Medial [p] and [b]
				EXERCISE 10.1.3 Devoiced [p] Versus Voiced [b]
				EXERCISE 10.1.4 Prolonged [p͡b] and [p]
				EXERCISE 10.1.5 Prolonged [p͡b] and [b]
				EXERCISE 10.1.6 Prolonged [p͡p] and [p]
				EXERCISE 10.1.7 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [p] and [b]
		10.2 ALVEOLAR PLOSIVES [t] AND [d]
			Exercises for [t] and [d]
				EXERCISE 10.2.1 Initial [t] and [d]
				EXERCISE 10.2.2 Medial [t] and [d]
				EXERCISE 10.2.3 Devoiced [t] Versus Voiced [d]
				EXERCISE 10.2.4 Prolonged [t͡d] and [t]; Prolonged [t͡d] and [d]
				EXERCISE 10.2.5 Prolonged [t͡t] and [t͡d]
				EXERCISE 10.2.6 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [t] and [d]
		10.3 VELAR PLOSIVES [k] AND [ɡ]
			Exercises for [k] and [ɡ]
				EXERCISE 10.3.1 Initial [k] and [ɡ]
				EXERCISE 10.3.2 Medial [k] and [ɡ]
				EXERCISE 10.3.3 Devoiced [k] Versus Voiced [ɡ]
				EXERCISE 10.3.4 Prolonged [k͡k] and [k͡ɡ]
				EXERCISE 10.3.5 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [k] and [ɡ]
	CHAPTER 11. NASALS
		11.1 BILABIAL NASAL [m]
		11.2 ALVEOLAR NASAL [n]
		11.3 VELAR NASAL [Ŋ]
		Exercises for [m], [n], and [ŋ]
			EXERCISE 11.3.1 Initial, Medial, and Final [m]
			EXERCISE 11.3.2 [mt] Combinations
			EXERCISE 11.3.3 Prolonged [m͡m]
			EXERCISE 11.3.4 Initial, Medial, and Final [n]
			EXERCISE 11.3.5 [nf] Combinations
			EXERCISE 11.3.6 [nm] Combinations
			EXERCISE 11.3.7 Prolonged [n͡n]
			EXERCISE 11.3.8 Medial and Final [ŋ]
			EXERCISE 11.3.9 [ŋ] Versus [ŋk]
			EXERCISE 11.3.10 [ŋt] Versus [ ŋkt]
			EXERCISE 11.3.11 [ŋ] Versus [nɡ]
	CHAPTER 12. LATERAL AND TRILLS
		12.1 ALVEOLAR LATERAL [l]
			Exercises for [l]
				EXERCISE 12.1.1 Initial, Medial, and Final [l]
				EXERCISE 12.1.2 [bl], [pl], [ɡl], [kl], [fl], [ʃl] Combinations
				EXERCISE 12.1.3 Prolonged [l͡l]
				EXERCISE 12.1.4 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [l]
		12.2 ALVEOLAR TRILLS [r] AND [ɾ], VOCALIC-R [ɐ], AND UVULAR TRILL [R]
			Exercises for [r], [ɾ], and [ɐ]
				EXERCISE 12.2.1 Initial and Medial [r]
				EXERCISE 12.2.2 Intervocalic and Final [ɾ]
				EXERCISE 12.2.3 Medial [r] and [ɾ]
				EXERCISE 12.2.4 Final [ɾ] or [ɐ]
				EXERCISE 12.2.5 Final [əɾ] or [ɐ]
				EXERCISE 12.2.6 [ɐ] and [ə]
				EXERCISE 12.2.7 Prolonged [ɾ͡r] or [ɐr]
				EXERCISE 12.2.8 Applying the Pronunciation Rules for [r], [ɾ], and [ɐ]
	CHAPTER 13. AFFRICATES
		13.1 AFFRICATES [p͡s], [p͡f], [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [k͡s], AND [k͡v]
		Exercises for [p͡s], [p͡f], [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [k͡s], and [k͡v]
			EXERCISE 13.1.1 Initial and Final [p͡s]
			EXERCISE 13.1.2 Initial and Medial [p͡f]
			EXERCISE 13.1.3 Initial and Final [t͡s]
			EXERCISE 13.1.4 Initial [z] and [t͡s]
			EXERCISE 13.1.5 Initial, Medial, and Final [t͡ʃ]
			EXERCISE 13.1.6 Medial and Final [k͡s]
			EXERCISE 13.1.7 Initial and Medial [k͡v]
			EXERCISE 13.1.8 Applying the Rules for [p͡s], [p͡f], [t͡s], [t͡ʃ], [k͡s], [k͡v]
4. ADVANCED DICTION PROBLEMS
	CHAPTER 14. EXCEPTIONS, VAGARIES, AND PROBLEM WORDS
		14.1 VOWEL LENGTH EXCEPTIONS
		14.2 FINAL -ie IN WORDS OF NON-GERMANIC ORIGIN
		14.3 ESZETT (ß) AND VOWEL LENGTH
		14.4 VOWEL LENGTH PRECEDING x
		14.5 PREFIXES dar-, her-, hin-, vor-
		14.6 CONSONANT PLUS l, n, OR r
		14.7 ENDING -ig
		14.8 CONSONANT COMBINATION ch
		14.9 DIMINUTIVE ENDING -chen
		14.10 FOREIGN-ORIGIN WORDS
		14.11 NO RHYME OR REASON
	CHAPTER 15. SOUNDS FROM FOREIGN LOANWORDS
		15.1 FRENCH NASALIZED VOWELS [ɛ̃], [ɑ̃], [õ], [oẽ ]
		15.2 FRENCH SEMI VOWEL GLIDES [w], [ɥ]
	Chapter 16. German Latin
		Vowels
		Consonants
		The Ordinary of the Mass in German Latin
		An Excerpt from CARL ORFF’S Carmina Burana in German Latin
APPENDIX
	Alphabetical Index of German Spellings
	List of Difficult Words, Names, and Exceptions
Glossary
Notes
Bibliography
Index