The Significance of Doorway Positions in English Medieval Parochial Churches and Chapels

Cover\nTitle Page\nCopyright page\nContents Page\nList of Figures\n	Introduction\n		Figure I.1, St Nicholas Barfrestone (Kent), from the east, Google Earth\n		Figure I.2, St Nicholas Barfrestone, from the south\n		Figure I.3, Barfrestone, south doorway\n		Figure I.4, Barfrestone, north doorway\n		Figure I.5, Barfrestone, chancel doorway\n		Figure I.6, Method for Doorway Measurements\n	Chapter 1: Doorway Positions in English Churches: Seventh to Tenth Century\n		Figure 1.1, St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, reconstructed planof the early seventh century church of SS Peter and Paul Richard Gem reconstruction of Frank Jenkins plan 1957. In the central north porticus, position ‘a’ indicates the burial location of St\n		Figure 1.2, Plan of Old Minster, Winchester in the Seventh Century\n		Figure 1.3, St Peter’s Bradwell-on-Sea (Essex) aerial view Showing ground level remnants of apse and porticus Go 4k Media, available at frame 0:36 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbP_dMWDC7Y\n		Figure 1.4, Plan of Saint Peter-on-the-Wall Bradwell, Essex\n		Figure 1.5, Plan of Saint Pancras, Canterbury, Kent, after W. H. St John Hope, 1902\n		Figure 1.6, Plan of Saint Mary, Reculver, Kent\n		Figure 1.7, All Saints’ Church, Brixworth, Northamptonshire, Period I Ground Plan\n		Figure 1.8, All Saints, Brixworth, NorthamptonshirePeriod II Ground Plan\n		Figure 1.9, St Mary, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire\n		Figure 1.10, St Mary, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire, Mary Kneen\n		Figure 1.11, Canterbury Cathedral (Kent) Period 4A\n		Figure 1.12, Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, Period 4C\n		Figure 1.13, Old Minster, Winchester, Hampshire\n		Figure 1.14, St Oswald, Gloucester, Gloucestershire\n		Figure 1.15, Raunds Furnells, Northamptonshire\n		Figure 1.16, St Peter Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire\n		Figure 1.17, Chatsworth Benedictional of St Æthelwold Fol. 119 v\n		Figure 1.18, Chatsworth Benedictional of St Æthelwold Fol. 119 v, Detail of bells, inset\n		Figure 1.19, Little Casterton (Rutland) – 13th century Modern bells to illustrate headstock swinging method With permission,photo by Lionel Wall, Great English Churches\n		Figure 1.20, St James, Burton Lazars (Leicestershire) by 1912\n		Figure 1.21, St Mary, Manton (Rutland) by 1912\n		Figure 1.22, All Saints, Little Casterton (Rutland) by 1912\n		Figure 1.23, All Saints, Sutton Bassett Northamptonshire\n		Figure 1.24, All Saints, Sutton Bassett, Northamptonshire, from the North\n		Figure 1.25, All Saints, Sutton Bassett, Northamptonshire, from the West\n	Chapter 2: Eleventh and Twelfth-Century English Parochial Churches and Chapels\n		Figure 2.1, Worth (West Sussex), Ground Plan\n		Figure 2.2, Worth, south doorway interior\n		Figure 2.3, Worth, north doorway interior\n		Figure 2.4, Worth (West Sussex),south nave wall\n		Figure 2.5, Worth, north transept from the west\n		Figure 2.7, Corhampton (Hampshire), North Doorway from the southeast\n		Figure 2.6, Corhampton (Hampshire) Church Plan, W. G. Horseman, 1917\n		Figure 2.8, Corhampton (Hampshire), North Doorway from the southeast magnified\n		Figure 2.10, Corhampton, South Doorway, Pilaster Framing\n		Figure 2.11, Boarhunt (Hampshire) Plan\n		Figure 2.9, Corhampton, North Doorway\n		Figure 2.12, Boarhunt (Hampshire), north and south views by Irvine 1877\n		Figure 2.13, Boarhunt (Hampshire), south nave wall from southwest showing outline of original eleventh-century doorway similar to Irvine’s drawing of 1877\n		Figure 2.14, Boarhunt, double-splayed window,north chancel\n		Figure 2.15, Boarhunt, tall and thin nave walls, 76 cm wide measured at chancel south window\n		Figure 2.16, Clayton (West Sussex) Ground Plan\n		Figure 2.17, Clayton (West Sussex) exterior of chancel east wall\n		Figure 2.18, Clayton, tall nave walls and chancel arch looking east\n		Figure 2.19, Alton Barnes Plan after N. P. Thompson and H. Ross\n		Figure 2.20, Alton Barnes (Wiltshire), Nave from east (L) long and short megalithic quoins\n		Figure 2.21, Alton Barnes (Wiltshire), Nave from south (R) long and short megalithic quoins\n		Figure 2.22, Coln Rogers (Gloucestershire) Ground Plan, after Taylor\n		Figure 2.23, Coln Rogers, original plinth, nave, northwest corner\n		Figure 2.24, Coln Rogers, north chancel window\n		Figure 2.25, Coln Rogers, south doorway\n		Figure 2.26, Coln Rogers, north doorway\n		Figure 2.27, Coln Rogers, south doorway interior\n		Figure 2.28, Coln Rogers, north doorway interior\n		Figure 2.29, Hardham (Hampshire) Ground Plan, after Taylor\n		Figure 2.30, Hardham, north chancel window\n		Figure 2.31, Hardham, flat lintel south doorway\n		Figure 2.32, Hardham, flat lintel north doorway\n		Figure 2.33, Hardham, south nave window\n		Figure 2.34, Stondon Massey (Essex), south doorway\n		Figure 2.35, Stondon Massey, north doorway\n		Figure 2.36, Stopham (Essex), Ground Plan\n		Figure 2.37, Stopham, north chancel window\n		Figure 2.38, Stopham, chancel arch, looking west\n		Figure 2.39, Stopham, south doorway\n		Figure 2.40, Stopham, north doorway Photo of Rev’d David Crook\n		Figure 2.41, Stopham, chancel arch impost\n		Figure 2.42, Stopham, south doorway impost\n		Figure 2.43, Stopham, south doorway interior\n		Figure 2.44, Stopham, north doorway interior\n		Figure 2.45, Coln Rogers, north doorway capital\n		Figure 2.46, Coln Rogers, south doorway capital\n		Figure 2.47, Coln Rogers, north doorway\n		Figure 2.48, Coln Rogers, south doorway\n		Figure 2.49, Wharram Percy Medieval Village, Google Earth\n		Figure 2.50, Romsey, north nave doorway\n		Figure 2.51, Romsey, Abbess’s doorway south side of the nave\n		Figure 2.52, St Mary’s Church, Stow (Lincolnshire) after C. A. Parker\n		Figure 2.53, Stow, southeast crossing column\n		Figure 2.54, Stow, south transept window\n		Figure 2.55, Stow, north transept doorway\n		Figure 2.56, Stow (Lincolnshire), south doorway\n		Figure 2.57, Stow, north doorway\n		Figure 2.58, Stow, north doorway\n		Figure 2.59, Stow, west doorway\n		Figure 2.60, Bromyard (Herefordshire), south doorway\n		Figure 2.61, Bromyard, north doorway\n		Figure 2.62, Bromyard, north transept/priest’s doorway\n		Figure 2.63, Bromyard, south priest’s doorway\n		Figure 2.64,Weaverthorpe (Yorkshire), south doorway\n		Figure 2.65, Weaverthorpe, north doorway\n		Figure 2.66, Weaverthorpe, priest’s doorway exterior\n		Figure 2.67, Weaverthorpe priest’s doorway interior image courtesy of CRSBI\n		Figure 2.68,Wixoe (Suffolk) south doorway\n		Figure 2.69, Wixoe north doorway\n		Figure 2.70, Iffley (Oxfordshire) south doorway\n		Figure 2.71, Iffley north doorway\n		Figure 2.72, Iffley west doorway\n		Figure 2.73, Barfrestone (Kent) south doorway\n		Figure 2.74, Barfrestone north doorway\n		Figure 2.75, Shellingford (Berkshire) south doorway\n		Figure 2.76, Shellingford, north doorwayc. 1900, Peter Moore c/o CRSBI\n		Figure 2.77, Shellingford, priest’s doorway\n		Figure 2.78, Ellerburn (Yorkshire), from the West\n		Figure 2.79, Adwick-upon-Dearn (Yorkshire)from the west\n		Figure 2.80, Sutton Bassett (Northamptonshire) from the west\n		Figure 2.81, Burton Lazars (Leicestershire) from the west, Google Earth\n		Figure 2.82, Manton (Rutland) from the west\n	Chapter 3: Doorway Positions of Thirteenth to Early Sixteenth-Century\n		Figure 3.1, Ickham (Kent) west doorway\n		Figure 3.2, Ickham, west tower from the west\n		Figure 3.3, Biddenham (Bedfordshire), south doorway\n		Figure 3.4, Biddenham,  chancel arch\n		Figure 3.5, Biddenham North Aisle Chantry Doorway\n		Figure 3.6, Biddenham North Chantry Arrow indicating narrow chantry doorway\n		Figure 3.7, Monkton (Kent), north nave wall\n		Figure 3.8, Collingham (Nottinghamshire),north doorway\n		Figure 3.9, Collingham, south doorway\n		Figure 3.10, Acton Burnell (Shropshire), north doorway\n		Figure 3.11, Acton Burnell, south doorway\n		Figure 3.12, Acton Burnell, west doorway with castle to the south\n		Figure 3.13, St Mary the Virgin, Rimpton (Somerset)\n		Figure 3.14, St Mary, Rimpton (Somerset), from the south\n		Figure 3.15, Rimpton, south doorway\n		Figure 3.16, Rimpton, north doorway\n		Figure 3.17, St Mary Brook (Kent), from the south\n		Figure 3.18, St Mary Brook, west tower doorway\n		Figure 3.19, Porlock (Somerset), from the west\n		Figure 3.20, Porlock, from the northwest\n		Figure 3.21, Sutton-on-Trent (Nottinghamshire), from the south\n		Figure 3.22, Henbury (Somerset) Aerial View from Southwest, Google Earth\n		Figure 3.23, West Walton (Norfolk),tower from the south\n		Figure 3.24, West Walton, south doorway\n		Figure 3.25, West Walton, west doorway\n		Figure 3.26, West Walton, north doorway\n		Figure 3.27, Saint Mary Magdalene, Stocklinch, Somerset, Ground Plan\n		Figure 3.28, SMV Ground Plan, Churches Conservation Trust 2000\n		Figure 3.29, Stocklinch (Somerset),SMV from the southwest\n		Figure 3.30, Stocklinch SMM, from the southwest\n		Figure 3.31,Stocklinch SMM, south doorway\n		Figure 3.32, Stocklinch SMM, west doorway\n		Figure 3.33, Stocklinch SMV, south doorway\n		Figure 3.34, Stocklinch SMV, north doorway\n		Figure 3.35, Holy Trinity Wensley (Yorkshire)\n		Figure 3.36, Wensley (Yorkshire), north doorway\n		Figure 3.37, Wensley, south doorway\n		Figure 3.38, Gaddesby (Leicestershire), 12th c. plan\n		Figure 3.39, Gaddesby, early 13th c. plan\n		Figure 3.40, Gaddesby, late 13th c. plan\n		Figure 3.41, Gaddesby, mid-14th c. plan\n		Figure 3.42, Gaddesby, south doorway\n		Figure 3.43, Gaddesby, north doorway\n		Figure 3.44, Gaddesby, south aisle, west façade\n		Figure 3.45, Plan of St Mary the Virgin Adderbury (Oxfordshire)\n		Figure 3.46, Adderbury (Oxfordshire), south doorway\n		Figure 3.47, Adderbury, north doorway, right side\n		Figure 3.48, Adderbury, north doorway, left side\n		Figure 3.49, St Edmund Southwold (Suffolk)\n		Figure 3.50, Holy Trinity Long Melford (Suffolk)\n		Figure 3.51, SS Peter and Paul Lavenham (Suffolk)\n		Figure 3.52, All Saints Crofton (Yorkshire) from the Southwest\n		Figure 3.53, Crofton, south doorway\n		Figure 3.54, Crofton, north doorway\n		Figure 3.55, St Mary the Virgin Thirsk (Yorkshire), from the south\n		Figure 3.56, Thirsk, south doorway\n		Figure 3.57, Thirsk, north doorway\n		Figure 3.58, Stone-in-Oxney (Kent) Ground Plan, After Harris\n		Figure 3.59, Stone-in-Oxney (Kent)north doorway (interior view below)\n		Figure 3.60, Stone-in-Oxney, south doorway (interior view below)\n		Figure 3.61, Stone-in-Oxney, north doorway interior view\n		Figure 3.62, Stone-in-Oxney, south doorway interior view\n		Figure 3.63, Stone-in-Oxney, west doorway\n		Figure 3.64, Stone-in-Oxney, tower from the west\n		Figure 3.65, Long Melford (Suffolk) Ground Plan, after Dymond\n		Figure 3.66, Long Melford (Suffolk), south doorway\n		Figure 3.67, Long Melford, north doorway\n		Figure 3.68, Long Melford, west doorway\n		Figure 3.69, All Saints, Maidstone (Kent) River Medway visible in lower left corner\n		Figure 3.70, All Saints, Maidstone, Richard C. Carpenter, 1848-49\n		Figure 3.71, Maidstone, south doorway\n		Figure 3.72, Maidstone, north doorway\n		Figure 3.73, Maidstone, west doorway\n		Figure 3.74, All Saints, Maidstone immediate vicinity\n		Figure 3.75, Maidstone, west doorway, west windowshowing eastern window within\n		Figure 3.76, Holy Trinity,Tattershall (Lincolnshire)\n		Figure 3.77, Tattershall Castle and Church, Google Earth\n		Figure 3.78, Tattershall (Lincolnshire), north doorway\n		Figure 3.79, Tattershall, south doorway\n		Figure 3.80, Tattershall, west doorway\n		Figure 3.81, Tattershall, south transept doorway\n	Chapter 4: Chapels\n		Figure 4.1, Rotherham Bridge Chapel (Yorkshire), Google Earth Yellow arrow indicating North\n		Figure 4.2, Dode (Kent) Ground Planafter Greville M. Livett\n		Figure 4.3, Dode Chapel (Kent) 1905, Looking west, south doorway at left Photo of George M. Arnold\n		Figure 4.4, St Andrew’s Chapel, Stanley (Derbyshire), Google Earth\n		Figure 4.5, St Andrew’s Chapel Stanley, R. Evans and W. Jolley\n		Figure 4.6, St Andrew’s Chapel Stanley, Garth Newton, photo.\n		Figure 4.7, St James, Chillington (Somerset) photo of M. A. and G. S. Linton available at www.medievalmosaic.com\n		Figure 4.8, St James Chillington (Somerset)\n		Figure 4.9, Rochester Bridge Chapel (Kent) Location, Google Earth Yellow arrow indicates North\n		Figure 4.10, Rochester Bridge Chapel (Kent)Plan c/o The Rochester Bridge TrustArrow indicating east\n		Figure 4.11, Rochester Bridge Chapel (Kent), liturgically west doorway, Google Earth\n		Figure 4.12, East Wittering (West Sussex), Plan after W. D. Peckham\n		Figure 4.13, East Wittering, South Doorway\n		Figure 4.14, East Wittering, north doorway\n		Figure 4.15, East Wittering, north doorway interior and blocked north window. Image courtesy of  CRSBI\n		Figure 4.16, East Wittering, north nave wall and blocked doorway.\n		Figure 4.17, East Wittering, chancel arch.\n		Figure 4.18, St Margaret, Womenswold (Kent) Plan, Ewen Christian\n		Figure 4.19, Womenswold, west doorway\n		Figure 4.20, Womenswold, south doorway\n		Figure 4.21, King’s Lynn Chapel (Norfolk) from the West\n		Figure 4.22, King’s Lynn Chapel from the Southeast\n		Figure 4.23, St Nicholas King’s Lynn (Norfolk), Birkin Haward\n		Figure 4.24, King’s Lynn Chapel south porch\n		Figure 4.25, King’s Lynn Chapel, south doorway\n		Figure 4.26, King’s Lynn Chapel, north doorway\n		Figure 4.27, King’s Lynn Chapel west doorways\n		Figure 4.28, St Hilda, Ellerburn (Yorkshire), from the south\n		Figure 4.29, Ellerburn, Black arrow indicating location of St Hilda’s Church\n		Figure 4.30, Ellerburn, north doorway\n		Figure 4.32, Ellerburn North Doorway Interior Arch, photo courtesy of www.britainexpress.com\n		Figure 4.33, Ellerburn, chancel arch, image courtesy of Lionel Wall www.greatenglishchurches.co.uk\n		Figure 4.34, Ellerburn, chancel arch, image courtesy of Lionel Wall www.greatenglishchurches.co.uk\n		Figure 4.35, Ellerburn, Blocked Window, chancel south wall.\n		Figure 4.36, Ellerburn, nave southwest corner\n		Figure 4.37, Ellerburn, nave wall south side\n		Figure 4.38, Ellerburn, nave south wall\n		Figure 4.39, Ellerburn, nave south wall\n		Figure 4.40, Ellerburn, south doorway\n		Figure 4.41, Ellerburn, west nave wall\n		Figure 4.42, Little Hormead, (Hertfordshire), south doorway\n		Figure 4.43, Little Hormead, north doorway\n		Figure 4.44, Rollestone (Wiltshire), south doorway\n		Figure 4.45, Rollestone, north doorway\n	Chapter 5: Liturgy\n		Figure 5.1, Old Sarum Cathedral\n		Figure 5.2, Bishop Osmund’s 11th century Old Sarum Cathedral\n		Figure 5.3, Old Sarum Cathedral of Bishops Roger, Jocelyn, and later (enlarged)\n		Figure 5.4, York Minster, Plan of the late eleventh to early twelfth-century church,\n		Figure 5.5, York Minster plan, 13th century and later medieval period, Derek Phillips and Brenda Heywood\n		Figure 5.6, York Minster Close for the 13th century church Google Earth\n		Figure 5.7, Old Sarum Cathderal of Bishops Roger, Jocelyn, and later (enlarged)\n		Figure 5.8, York Minster (Yorkshire), south doorway, Google Earth\n		Figure 5.10, York Minster, west doorway, Google Earth\n		Figure 5.9, Salisbury Cathedral (Wiltshire), north doorway, Google Earth\n		Figure 5.11, Salisbury Cathedral, west doorway, Google Earth\n		Figure 5.12, York Minster Close from and after the 13th century, Google Earth\n	Chapter 6: Gender and Segregation\n		Figure 6.1, SS Peter and Paul, Hannington (Northamptonshire), RCHM January 1985 drawn by A.D.\n		Figure 6.2, All Saints Church, Litcham (Norfolk), rood screen 15th c., Image courtesy of Evelyn Simak, www.geograph.org.uk\n		Figure 6.3, Litcham, rood screen north panels with female saints, Image courtesy of Owl Prints, www.owlprints.co.uk\n		Figure 6.4, Litcham Rood Screen South panels with male saints, Image courtesy of John E. Vigar, www.johnevigar.com\n		Figure 6.5, Long Melford (Suffolk) Ground Plan, after Dymond\n		Figure 6.6, Long Melford, schematic elevations by patronage, Francis Woodman\n	Chapter 7: The Devil’s Door?\n		Figure 7.1, Barton-upon-Humber, Phase E Burials, Anglo-Saxon and Norman\n		Figure 7.2, Raunds, Late 10th – Early 11th Century Church and Burial Pattern\n		Figure 7.3, All Saints Oving (Buckinghamshire) Proposed reseating showing north doorway still open prior to alterations, George E. Street 1868.\n		Figure 7.4, All Saints Oving, blocked north doorway, image courtesy of Michael G. Hardy\n		Figure 7.5, All Saints Oving, after restoration north doorway blocked for bench seating, image courtesy of Michael G. Hardy\nThe Significance of Doorway Positions\nAcknowlegements\nAbbreviations\nIntroduction\nChapter 1: Doorway Positions in English Churches\nChapter 2: Eleventh and Twelfth-Century English Parochial Churches and Chapels\nChapter 3: Doorway Positions of Thirteenth to Early Sixteenth-Century\nChapter 4: Chapels\nChapter 5: Liturgy\nChapter 6: Gender and Segregation\nChapter 7: The Devil’s Door?\nConclusion\nAppendix 1\nAppendix 2\nBibliography\nIndex