The Sentence in Biblical Hebrew

PREFACE
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
THE TRANSLITERATION OF HEBREW
1. INTRODUCTION
1.0. Traditional Grammar
1.1. Discourse Grammar
Notes
2. THE SENTENCE IN HEBREW
2.0. Definition of Sentence
2.1. The Clause as a Sentence Element
2.2. Sentence Types
2.3. Complex Sentences
2.4. Compound Sentences
2.5. Relationships Between Sentence Types
2.6. Surface Grammar and Deep Grammar
2.6.0. The English Relative Clause
2.6.1. Head is a Proper Noun
2.6.2. Head is a Pronoun
2.6.3. Head is a Definite Noun
2.6.4. Head is an Indefinite Noun
2.6.5. Coordination as Alternative Realization
2.6.6. An Exception
2.6.7. Naming Two Persons
2.6.8. The Use of the Nominalizer
2.6.9. Conclusions
Notes
3. APPOSITION SENTENCES
3.0. Deep Grammar of Apposition
3.1. Surface Grammar of Apposition
3.2. Verbal Repetition in Apposition
3.3. Synonymous Apposition
3.4. Epic Repetition in Apposition
3.4.0. Introduction
3.4.1. Verb Patterns in Epic Apposition
3.4.2. Discourse Function of Epic Apposition
3.4.3. Alternative Realization in Sequential Clauses
3.5. Apposition for Emphasis
3.5.0. Formal Features
3.5.1. Antithesis in Apposition
3.5.2. Apposition in Another Perspective
3.5.3. Climactic Repetition in Apposition
3.5.4. Coordination of Emphatic Repetition
3.6. Resumption and Distribution in Apposition
3.6.0. Resumption
3.6.1. Distribution
3.7. Explanation in Apposition
3.7.0. The Semantics of Apposition
3.7.1. Specifying Apposition
3.7.2. Exposition in Apposition
3.7.3. An Example of Explication
3.7.4. A Summary in Apposition
3.7.5. Titles and Colophons
3.8. Curses and Blessings
3.9. Multiple Apposition
3.10. Apposition Instead of Other Constructions
3.10.0. Alternative Deep Relationships
3.10.1. Coordinate Commands in Apposition
3.10.2. Coordinated Declarative Clauses in Apposition
3.10.3. Coordinate Questions in Apposition
3.10.4. Antithetical Clause in Apposition
3.10.5. Apposition Instead of Subordination
3.10.6. Apposition Instead of a Relative Clause
3.10.7. Apposition Instead of Sequence
Notes
4. COORDINATION
4.0. Kinds of Coordination
4.1. Upper-level Coordination
4.1.0. Heterogeneous Speeches
4.1.1. Coordination of Units of Narrative
4.1.2. Stories in Juxtaposition
4.1.3. Coordinated Stories
4.1.4. Story-level Episodes
4.1.5. Episode-level Paragraphs
4.2. Paragraph-level Coordination
4.2.0. Introduction
4.2.1. Sequential Coordination
4.2.2. Paragraph-level Circumstantial Clause
4.2.3. Paragraph-level Adjunctive Clause
4.2.4. Paragraph-level Surprise Clause
4.3. Sentence-level Coordination
4.3.0. Sentence or Paragraph?
4.3.1. Conjunctive Coordination
4.3.2. Chiastic Coordination
4.3.3. Alternative (Disjunctive) Sentence
4.3.4. Contrastive Coordination
4.3.5. Antithetical Coordination
4.4. Inclusive and Exclusive Coordination
4.4.0. Deep Grammar
4.4.1. Inclusive Coordination
4.4.2. Exclusive Coordination
4.5. Inter-clausal Relationships in Precative and Predictive Discourse
4.6. Summary
4.7. Back-looping (Rank-shifting)
4.8. Alternative Surface Realizations
4.9. Empirical Testing
Notes
5. CIRCUMSTANTIAL CLAUSES
5.0. Introduction
5.1. Episode-marginal Circumstantial Clauses
5.1.0. Nucleus and Margin
5.1.1. Episode-initial Circumstantial Clauses
5.1.2. Episode-final Circumstantial Clauses
5.1.3. Circumstantial Clause Beside an Episode
5.2. Sentence-level Circumstantial Clauses
5.2.0. Sentence versus Paragraph
5.2.1. Clauses Circumstantial to Time Margin
5.2.2. Circumstance of a Circumstance
5.3. Pseudocircumstantial Sequential Clauses
5.4. Pseudosequential Circumstantial Clauses
5.5. Circumstantial Clauses as Alternatives to Noncircumstantial Constructions
5.5.0. Introduction
5.5.1. Circumstantial Form for Deep Subordination
5.5.2. Circumstantial Form for a Relative Clause.
6. ADJUNCTIVE CLAUSES
6.0. Structure
6.1. Function
6.2. Adjunctive Clauses Used Circumstantially
6.3. Other Forms
Notes
7. SURPRISE CLAUSES
7.0. Form
7.1. Participant Perspective
7.2. Dream Reports
7.3. Other Uses
7.4. Other Forms
8. CONJUNCTIVE SENTENCES
8.0. The Form of a Conjunctive Sentence
8.0.0. Optimum Realization
8.0.1. Double-duty Items
8.0.2. Multiple Coordination
8.1. Declarative Conjunctive Sentences
8.1.0. Introduction
8.1.1. Reports of Accomplished Fact Using 'Perfect 1 Verbs
8.1.2. Conjoined Predictive Clauses
8.1.3. Conjoined Verbless Clauses
8.1.4. Reports of Present Facts Using Quasiverbal Clauses
8.1.5. Circumstantial Conjunctive Sentences
8.1.6. Conjoined Clauses in Poetry
8.1.7. Dissimilar Clauses Conjoined
8.1.8. Successive Events in Conjoined Clauses
8.2. Distributive Coordination
8.3. Conjoined Precative Clauses
8.3.0. The Variety of Combinations
8.3.1. Conjoined Verbless Precative Clauses
8.3.2. Conjoined Imperative Clauses
8.3.3. Conjoined Jussive Clauses
8.3.4. Conjoined Cohortative Clauses
8.3.5. Mixed Linkages of Precative Clauses
8.4. Negation in Conjunctive Sentences
8.5. Conjoined Prohibitions
8.6. Coordination of Questions
8.7. Conjoining of Surprise Clauses
8.8. Coordination of Subordinate Clauses
8.9. Coordination of Relative Clauses
8.10. Conjunctive Sentences Instead of Other Constructions
8.10.0. Introduction
8.10.1. Hendiadys in Conjunctive Sentences,
8.10.2. Coordination Instead of Apposition
8.10.3. Coordination Instead of Subordination
9. CHIASTIC SENTENCES
9.0. The Form of Inter-clause Chiasmus
9.1. The Surface Grammar of Chiastic Sentences
9.2. The Deep Grammar of Chiasmus
9.3. Chiasmus in Narrative Prose
9.3.0. An Illustration
9.3.1. Chiasmus in Poetic Discourse
9.3.2. Chiasmus in Epic Narrative
9.3.3. Three-clause Chiasmus
9.4.Grammatical Aspects of Chiasmus
9.4.0. Introduction
9.4.1. Verbless Predicators
9.4.2. Perfect Verbs
9.4.3. Subjects in Chiasmus
9.4.4. Objects in Chiasmus
9.4.5. Indirect Objects in Chiasmus
9.4.6. Other Clause-level Elements
9.4.7. Other Verbal Patterns
9.4.8. Chiasmus with Negation
9.4.9. Chiasmus not Involving the Verbs
9.5. Chiasmus in Predictive Discourse
9.5.0. Verb Patterns
9.5.1. Subjects in Chiasmus
9.5.2. Objects in Chiasmus
9.5.3. Mixed Constructions
9.5.4. Indirect Objects in Chiasmus
9.5.5. Other Clause-level Tagmemes in Chiasmus
9.5.6. Other Verb Forms in Chiasmus
9.6. Chiasmus in Precative Discourse
9.7. Chiasmus in Prohibition
9.8. Incompletely Formed Chiasmus
9.9. Discontinuous Chiastic Sentences
9.10. Chiasmus as a High-level Node
9.11. Chiastic Sentence as Nucleus
9.12. Chiasmus a Distortion
9.13. Sequential Clauses in Chiasmus
Notes
10. DISJUNCTIVE SENTENCES
10.0. Disjunctive Coordination
10.1. Phrase-level Disjunction
10.1.0. Introduction
10.1.1. A or B
10.1.2. Either A or B
10.1.3. Either A and B
10.1.4. Whether A or B
10.2. Disjunctive Coordination above Phrase Level
10.2.0. Transformations up and down the Hierarchy
10.2.1. Disjunctive Sentences
10.2.2. Paragraph-level Disjunction
10.2.3. Disjunction of Paragraphs
10.3. Disjunctive Questions
10.3.0. Fully Formed Disjunction
10.3.1. Interrogated Disjunctive Sentence
10.3.2. The Normal Construction
10.3.3. Phrase-level Disjunction of Questions
10.3.4. Redundant Antithetical Tag Question
10.4. Disjunctive Realization of Conjunctive Relationships
10.5. Conjunctive Realization of Disjunctive Relationships
Notes
11. CONTRASTIVE SENTENCES
11.0. The Degree of Contrast
11.1. Contrastive Sentences and Other Constructions
11.2. Contrast with Pronoun Subjects
11.3. Contrast with Nouns as Subjects
11.4. Contrast with Objects
11.5. Other Items in Contrast
11.6. Exceptions
11.7. Contrast Sentence with Asyndeton
12. INCLUSIVE SENTENCES
12.0. Inclusion and Addition
12.1. Phrase-level Coordination Using GAM
12.1.0. Introduction
12.1.1. Inclusive Phrases
12.1.2. Compound Conjunction
12.1.3. Duals
12.2. Trans-sentence Inclusive Phrases
12.3. Double Coordination
12.4. Inclusive Coordination and Sentence Types
12.4.0. Introduction
12.4.1. Inclusive Chiastic Sentences
12.4.2. Inclusive Conjunctive Sentences
12.4.3. Inclusive ’Contrast’ Sentences
12.4.4. Circumstantial Clauses
12.4.5. Surprise Clauses
12.4.6. Paragraph-level Inclusive Linkage
12.4.7. Predictive Discourse
12.4.8. Other Constructions
12.4.9. Inclusive Complex Sentences
12.4.10. AP Equivalent to GAM
12.5. Inclusive Coordination and Negation
12.6. The Implication of Inclusive Coordination
12.7. Noninclusive Uses of GAM
12.7.0. Introduction
12.7.1. Coordination
12.7.2. Compound Inter-clause Conjunction
12.8. GAM not a Conjunction
12.8.0. Introduction
12.8.1. Appositive GAM
12.8.2. Emphasizing GAM
12.8.3. Focussing GAM
12.9. The Hierarchical Significance of GAM
Notes
13. EXCLUSIVE SENTENCES
13.0. Signals of Exclusive Relationships
13.1. The Form of the Exclusive Relationship
13.2. Phrase-level Exclusion
13.3.Trans-sentence Exclusive Phrases
13.4. Exclusive Sentences
13.5. Exclusive Forms used for Antithetical Relationships
13.6. Exclusive Forms Used for Coordination or Apposition
13.7.Exclusive Relationships Realized by Antithetical Forms
13.8. Phrase ‘Adverb’ and Clause ‘Adverb’
13.9. Limitative ‘Adverbs’
13.10. Limitative Clause-modifier
13.11. Summary
Notes
14. ANTITHETICAL SENTENCES
14.0. Antithesis between Clauses
14.1. The Form of Antithetical Sentences
14.2. Antithesis with Implicit Negation
14.3. Antithesis by Means of Antonyms
14.4. Antithesis by Negation
14.5. Antithesis After Negation
14.5.0. Introduction
14.5.1. Antithetical WÈ
14.5.2. Antithetical Sequential WĀW
14.5.3. Antithetical KĪ
14.5.4. Antithetical KĪ IM
14.5.5. Antithetical IM LŌ
14.5.6. Antithetical IM
14.5.7. Antithesis Using Exclusive Forms
14.6. Antithetical Questions
14.7. Antithesis in Apposition
Notes
15. SURFACE REALIZATIONS AND DEEP RELATIONSHIPS
15.0. Introduction
15.1. Alternative Surface Realizations
15.2. Limitations in Alternative Realizations
15.3. Juxtaposition and Concatenation
15.4. Coordination and Subordination
INDEX OF BIBLICAL REFERENCES