The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Health

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Beyond translation and medicine: Initiating exchanges between translation studies and health humanities
	1 Introduction
	2 Healthcare-focused research in translation studies
	3 Editing a handbook on translation and health during a pandemic
	4 Future directions
	5 Structure of this handbook
	Notes
Part I Travels of medicine from ancient to modern times
	1 Medical translations from Greek into Arabic and Hebrew
		1 Greco-Arabic translations: beginnings
		2 Medical translations in the .Abbasid Empire
		3 Patronage
		4 Translation techniques
		5 Translations and scholarship
		6 Translations from Arabic into Hebrew
		7 The role of Latin
		8 Major medical works translated into Hebrew
		9 Hebrew translation techniques
		10 Future directions
		11 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	2 Translations of Western medical texts in East Asia in the  second half of the 19th and  early 20th centuries
		1 Introduction
		2 Setting the scene
		3 The translators
		4 The translations
		5 Conclusion and future directions
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	3 Dissemination of academic medical research through translation throughout history and in the contemporary world
		1 Introduction
		2 Historical perspectives
			2.1 Greek medicine
			2.2 Islamic medicine
			2.3 Medical research prior to the printing press: the ‘forgotten ones’
			2.4 The printing press and the scientific boom during the modern age
		3 Current critical issues
			3.1 Specialised journals and medical monolingualism
			3.2 Translating medicine today
		4 Future directions
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
Part II Translation in medicine and medical sciences
	4 Medical terminology and discourse
		1 Introduction
		2 Terminological variation as a major challenge
			2.1 Synonymy
			2.2 Usage differences
			2.3 Polysemy and homonymy
			2.4 Abbreviations
			2.5 Variation in spelling
			2.6 Hyponyms and hypernyms
			2.7 False friends
			2.8 Diachronic variation
			2.9 Lexical gaps
		3 Normalisation and standardisation
		4 Discourse issues
		5 Medical terminology and translation technology
		6 Sources of medical terminology
		7 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	5 Quality, accessibility and readability in medical translation
		1 Introduction
		2 Medical translation quality
		3 Medical translation and accessibility
		4 Readability
		5 Conclusions
		Note
		Further reading
		References
	6 Inter- and intralingual translation of medical information: The importance of comprehensibility
		1 Introduction
		2 From the biomedical paradigm to patient-centredness
		3 The importance of comprehensibility
		4 Intra- and interlingual translation
		5 Translating medical texts for lay people
		6 Patient information leaflets as a case study
		7 Conclusion and future directions
		Further reading
		References
	7 Machine translation in healthcare
		1 Introduction
		2 Overview of machine translation
			2.1 Development
			2.2 Current state-of-the-art: neural machine translation
		3 Usage models for machine translation
		4 Evaluation
		5 Machine translation in healthcare
			5.1 Overview
			5.2 Selected projects in MT for healthcare
			5.3 The health in my language project
				5.3.1 Overview
				5.3.2 Background to the user partners
					Cochrane
					NHS 24
				5.3.3 Building, deploying and evaluating MT for healthcare
				5.3.4 User reaction
					Cochrane
				5.4.1 Building and evaluating MT systems
		5.4 Medical machine translation
		6 Outlook
		List of abbreviations
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	8 Medical humanities and translation
		1 Introduction
		2 Historical intersections
		3 Biomedical science and beyond
		4 Medical humanities and its entanglements with translation
		5 Narrative, medicine and translation
		6 Final remarks
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	9 Knowledge translation
		1 Introduction: medical knowledge translation
		2 The history of KT
			2.1 KT and evidence-based medicine
		3 The tools of KT
			3.1 Randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
			3.2 Literature reviews
			3.3 Clearing houses
		4 Critical perspectives upon KT
		5 Seeing KT from translation studies
		6 Future directions of KT – or KT with other kinds of translation
		7 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
Part III Translation and interpreting in healthcare settings
	10 Community/liaison interpreting in healthcare settings
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Community interpreting
			1.2 Healthcare interpreting
			1.3 Professional healthcare interpreting
			1.4 Linguistic accommodations in healthcare – a broader view
		2 Historical perspectives
		3 Main research areas and methods
			3.1 Research in the medical field
			3.2 Translation and interpreting studies
			3.3 Current contributions and research on healthcare interpreting
		4 Critical issues
			4.1 Adequate language services in diverse immigrant languages
			4.2 Finding the right balance between interpreting and cultural mediation/advocacy
			4.3 Development of training and assessment
		5 Future directions
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	11 Child language brokering in healthcare settings
		1 Child language brokering: a definition
		2 Legal frameworks
		3 Literature review
		4 Case study: In MedIO PUER(I) research group in Italy
		5 Future directions
		Further reading
		References
	12 Healthcare interpreting ethics: A critical review
		1 Introduction
		2 Ethical content material: ethical codes
		3 Common ethical terms defined
		4 Other ethical content material
			4.1 Standards of practice
			4.2 Practice and professional norms
		5 Issues and forward advancement
		6 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
		Appendix A
	13 Remote (telephone) interpreting in healthcare settings
		1 Introduction
		2 Critical issues in telephone interpreting
			2.1 Lack of visual context
			2.2 Coordination of discourse
			2.3 Use of technology
			2.4 Working conditions
			2.5 Stress and emotional impact
			2.6 Training
			2.7 Ethics
		3 Research on telephone interpreting
		4 Further directions in research
		5 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	14 Reducing health disparities in the Deaf community: The impact of interpreters and the rise of deaf healthcare professional
		1 Introduction
		2 Definitions and comparisons
			2.1 Areas of similarity and difference for signed language interpreters  and spoken language interpreters
			2.2 Healthcare disparities in the Deaf community
		3 Historical perspectives
		4 Current contributions and research
			4.1 Language-concordant care and the Deaf community
			4.2 Deaf people as part of the healthcare workforce
		5 Conclusion
		Further reading
		References
Part IV Areas of health
	15 Translation and interpreting in disaster situations
		1 Introduction and definitions
		2 Importance of language and culture in disaster situations
		3 Views on translation and interpreting in disasters
			3.1 Ad hoc, local, voluntary and culture-centred
		4 Critical issues and future directions
			4.1 Ethics
			4.2 Training
			4.3 Modalities
			4.4 Policies
		5 Conclusion
		Further reading
		References
	16 Translating global epidemics: The case of Ebola
		1 Introduction
		2 Definitions
			2.1 Translation
			2.2 Cultural grids/conceptual grids
		3 Critical issues
			3.1 The role of language: international, national and local variations
			3.2 The role of the translator: insider or outsider?
			3.3 Cultural contexts: other ‘translators’ in an epidemic
			3.4 Media translations
		4 Future directions
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	17 Interpreter-mediated communication with children in healthcare settings
		1 Introduction
		2 Research on interpreter-mediated communication with children
		3 Critical issues
			3.1 The interpreter’s competence
			3.2 The interpreter’s lack of competence and its consequences
		4 Practical issues
			4.1 The competence of those using interpreting services
			4.2 The ‘right’ interpreter
			4.3 The facilitation of interpreter-mediated communication with children
			4.4 Training
			4.5 Joint training
		5 Recommendations for future research
		6 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	18 Disability in translation
		1 Introduction1, 2
		2 Defining disability
		3 Translating the language of disability
		4 Disability in translation studies
		5 Translating the CRPD
		6 Conclusion and future directions
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	19 Queer feminisms and the translation of sexual health
		1 Introduction
		2 Definitions and historical perspectives
		3 Critical issues and current research
			3.1 Transfeminism and health
			3.2 Translating trans issues
			3.3 Translating female sexuality
			3.4 Translating reproductive issues
		4 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	20 Translation and women’s health
		1 Introduction
		2 Definitions
		3 Historical and critical perspectives
			3.1 Adaptation
			3.2 Circulation of ideas
			3.3 Linguistic and terminological issues in women’s health texts
		4 Current contributions and research
			4.1 The Vagina Monologues
			4.2 Our Bodies, Ourselves
		5 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	21 Translation in maternal and neonatal health
		1 Introduction
		2 A feminist approach to women’s health and to translation
		3 Interpreting in maternal and neonatal health: linguistic and cultural issues
		4 Translation of childbirth narratives
		5 Translation of (text)books on pregnancy and childbirth
			5.1 Heart and hands: a midwife’s guide to pregnancy and birth – new front  cover and neologisms
			5.2 The Belly Mapping Workbook – enlarging readership
			5.3 Un bebé nace naturalmente / Nasce um bebé… naturalmente/ A baby is born… naturally – memory in the making
			5.4 A Bun in the Oven: how the food and birth movements resist industrialization – connecting the dots
		6 Future research
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	22 Dialogue interpreting in mental healthcare: Supportive interference
		1 Introduction
		2 Interpreting therapeutic talk
			2.1 The importance of understanding ‘faithfulness’
			2.2 Rendering therapeutic talk: general issues in equivalency and divergence
		3 Rendering therapeutic talk: critical issues
			3.1 Hedges, phatic communication and modalisations
			3.2 Questions
			3.3 Small talk and self-disclosure
			3.4 Cultural issues
			3.5 Psychotic patients
			3.6 Other factors influencing therapeutic work
		4 Interactive interpreting
			4.1 Rendering faithfully
			4.2 Independent input
		5 Training
		6 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
		References
	23 Nutrition and translation
		1 Introduction
		2 Current research on translation and nutrition
		3 Translation of public health discourses and nutritional guidelines: the case of Canada’s Food Guide
		4 Nutrition, well-being, social media, apps and translation
		5 Food production, translation and social determinants of health
		6 Conclusion
		Notes
		Further reading
Index