The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Editorial Advisory Board
	Further Reviewers
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
	Problematizing Multilingualism: From Plurality to Complexity and Beyond
	Colonialism and Coloniality
	Language Materiality, New Materialism and Post-Humanism
	Multilingualism and Political Economy
	The Consequences of Fluid, Spatial and Material Conceptions of Languaging
	Limits and Possibilities of Translanguaging
	Overall Organization of the Handbook and Individual Contributions
	Coloniality and Multilingualism
	Key Concepts and Theories in Multilingualism
	Multilingualism and Education
	Multilingualism in Social and Cultural Change
	Multilingualism in Public Life
	Acknowledgements
	Notes
	References
Part I Coloniality and Multilingualism
	1 Lessons for decolonization from pre-colonial translingualism
		Introduction
		South Asia as a Multilingual Region
		Theorizing Pre-Colonial Translingual Practices
		New Directions in Theoretical and Disciplinary Constructs
		New Research Directions
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	2 Looking at multilingualisms from the Global South
		Introduction
		Language Inventions
		Multilanguaging, Multilingua Francas and Remixing Multilingualism
		Many Multilingualisms
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	3 (De)colonial multilingual/multimodal practices: Resisting and Re-Existing Voices From Latin America
		Introduction
		Multilingualism in the Americas
		Decoloniality, ‘Language’ and Multimodality
		Literary Creations
		Musical Compositions
		Theatrical Performances
		Conclusions and Future Directions
		Related Topics
		References
	4 Raciolinguistic ideologies
		Introduction
		The Origins of the Raciolinguistic Ideologies Framework
		Raciolinguistic Ideologies: Key Elements
		Case Studies of RLI Research
			Case 1: Raciolinguistic Socialization in Dual-Language U.S. Education
			Case 2: Raciolinguistic Enregisterment in Quechua Language Education
		RLIs in Conversation With Other Research Traditions
		RLIs and the Study of Multilingualism
		Related Topics
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	5 Unequal Englishes in the Global South
		Introduction
		The Globalization and Localization of English
		Configurations of Unequal Englishes in the Global South
			Local Nexuses of Power
			The Role of Neoliberalism
			Translocal Solidarities and Alignments
			Unequal Englishes in the Global South
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
Part II Concepts and Theories in Multilingualism
	6 Materialities and ontologies: Thinking Multilingualism Through Language Materiality, Post-Humanism and New Materialism
		Introduction
			Centring the Materiality of Language: Key Concepts in Language Materiality and Language Ontologies
				Language Materiality
				Language Ontologies
			Decentring the Human: Post-Humanism/new Materialism and Relational Ontologies
				Implications of Post-Humanist and New Materialist Thought for Theorizing Multilingualism
			Convergence and Divergence Between Language Materiality and Post-Humanism/new Materialist Approaches
				Cross-species and Animal Language
				Debating Ontologies
				How Agency and Urgency Are Conceptualized: the Political and the Planetary
				How Materiality Is Conceptualized
				Ontoethics and Research: Data and the Agency of Objects
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	7 Translanguaging and trans-semiotizing
		Introduction
		TL-TS as a Theoretical Perspective
		TL-TS as Practice
		TL-TS in Education
			Student Learning
			The Access Paradox and Language Status
			Protecting Minoritized (Named) Languages
		Possibilities and Future Research Directions
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	8 Multilingualism and multimodality
		Introduction
		Theoretical Issues: From Logocentric to Holistic Approaches
		Multilingual/multimodal Methodologies
		Multimodality in Southern Multilingual Classrooms
		Summary and Directions for Future Research
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	9 Indigenous language and education rights
		Introduction
			Indigenous Peoples and Colonization
			The Case for Minority Language Rights in International Law
			Indigenous Language (And Education) Rights in International Law
			Indigenous Language (And Education) Rights in National Contexts
			Translating Indigenous Language Policy Into Educational Practice
			Indigenous Language and Education in Aotearoa New Zealand: the Quest for Tino Rangatiratanga (self-Determination)3
				Maori Language Education
				Maori-medium Education Pedagogy and Practice
				Recent Developments and Challenges in Maori-Medium Education
				Wider Maori Language Revitalization Policy
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	10 Linguistic citizenship
		Introduction
		Linguistic Citizenship
		Linguistic Citizenship Thematized
			Love
				Vignette 1. Building a Community of Non-Mastery
			Hope
				Vignette 2. Afrikaaps as Afrikaans
			Care
				Vignette 3. Multilingualism in Subjugated Knowlelges
		Multilingualism Through the Lens of Linguistic Citizenship
		Related Topics
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	11 Multilingual literacies
		Introduction
		Early Developments in the Field
		Key Issues of Theory and Method
			Language and Literacy Socialization
			Ecology of Language Perspectives
			Recognizing Existing Resources And/or Funds of Knowledge
			Transnationalism and Literacy
			Translanguaging and Translingualism
		New Research Directions
		Concluding Comments
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	12 Digital multilingualism
		Introduction
		Defining Digital Multilingualism
		Digital Multilingualism: Linguistic Heterogeneity and Translinguality
		Digital Multilingualism as Practices
		Key Questions and Critical Issues
			Digital Multilingualism and Identity
			Norms and Policies Regulating and Enabling Digital Multilingualism
			Digital Multilingualism Moral Panics and Hate Discourses
			Digital Multilingualism at the Service of -Isms
			Digital Multilingualism and Resistance
			Digital Multilingualism, and Language Learning and Teaching
		Future Directions
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
Part III Multilingualism and Education
	13 Indigenous education and multilingualism: Global Perspectives and Local Experiences
		Introduction
		The Colonial and National Contexts of Indigenous Education
		Three Conceptual Issues
			Rethinking Language in Indigenous Education
			Children’s Learning in Multilingual Settings
			The Dilemmas of Standardizing Languages
		Realities of Multilingual Communication in School Settings
		The Continual Search for Alternatives in and to Official Schooling
		Final Reflections
		Acknowledgements
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	14 Multilingualism and languages of learning and teaching in post-colonial Sub-Saharan Africa
		Introduction
		Theory and Method in the Field of Language Policy and Planning: Changing Perspectives
			Decolonization, Structuralism and Pragmatism (1960s)
			The Failure of Modernization, Critical Sociolinguistics and Access (Early 1970s–1980s)
			The New World Order, Post-Modernism and LHR (From the Mid-1980s)
		Global South Perspectives (From the First Decade of the 2000s)
			Early Developments: Colonial Language-In-Education Policies
		Language in Education Policies in Post-Colonial Contexts
			The Independence Phase: Nation-State Building and the Pragmatism of Monolingualism
			The Failure of the Monolingual Model and Attempts to Change the Colonial Language-In-Education Legacy
			The New World Order and the Trend Towards Multilingual Policies and Practices
		Towards Decolonial Approaches to Language, Multilingualism and Social Ethics
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	15 Decolonizing multilingual pedagogies
		Introduction
		Linguistic Coloniality and Schooling
			Nepal
			Peru
			South Africa
			The United States
				Using Folk Linguistic Resources and Communities’ Funds of Knowledge
				Leveraging Speakers’ Translanguaging
				Developing Learners’ Critical Consciousness Regarding the Histories and Experiences of Domination and the Role of Language
		Decolonizing Multilingual Pedagogies
		Putting It All Together
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	16 Opening (up) spaces for multilingual learning and teaching practices in South African higher education: A decolonial perspective
		Introduction
		Theoretical Framework
		Language in Society, Schooling and Higher Education in South Africa
		Three Cases of a Decolonial and Language Ideology Lens in Pedagogy in Universities
			Linguistic Third Spaces for Surfacing Non-Dominant Language and Knowledge Resources
			Translanguaging Pedagogy for Critique and Linguistic Activism
			Translanguaging Pedagogy for Comprehending Academic Texts in English
		Conclusions
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	17 Translanguaging pedagogies in the Global South: Review of classroom practices and interventions
		Introduction
		Translanguaging Pedagogies
		Method
		Results
			Defining Translanguaging
			Translanguaging Pedagogies
				Translanguaging Strategies in Classrooms
				Translanguaging in Science Lessons
				Translanguaging in Assessment
			Scale and Impact of Translanguaging Interventions
			Challenges to Translanguaging Pedagogies
			Analytical Frames Employed By the Studies Reviewed
			The Dominance of English and the (In)visibility of Local Languages
			Translanguaging Perspectives in Critiquing Language Policies and Practices
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	18 Language education and the COVID-19 global pandemic
		Introduction
		Distance Learning
		Issues of Equity and Disparities
			Formal/school Educational Loss
			Disparate Access to Technology and Linguistic Materials
			Anti-Asian Racism and Anti-Immigration Sentiment
		Unique Impact On Diverse Stakeholders
			Teachers
			Students and Caretakers
		Implications and Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
Part IV Multilingualism in Social and Cultural Change
	19 Multilingualism, the new economy and the neoliberal governance of speakers
		Sociolinguistics, the Current Economy and Forms of Governance
		Language, Value Production and the Market in (Post)nationalism
		The Neoliberal Governance of Speakers
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	20 Sociolinguistics and (in)securitization as another mode of governance
		Introduction
		Language Standardization
		(In)securitization as a Mode of Governance
		Necropolitics and Papo Reto’s Counter-Securitization in a Favela in Rio De Janeiro
		De-securitization in Turkish Language Classes at a Greek Cypriot Secondary School
		(In)securitization’s Significance for Sociolinguistics
		Related Topics
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	21 The multilingualism of global academic research and communication practices
		Introduction
		Multilingual Research Practices
			Reflection: The Greater Availability of Certain Information in Certain Languages
			Reflection: Participating in Multiple Linguistic and Academic Communities
		Commitments to Multilingual Identities and Communities
			Research Communities
			Reflection: the Myth of Monolingualism in Academia
			Practice, Policy and Public Communities
			Variations Across Disciplines
			Reflection: Language and Culture in Academic Communication
			Variations Across Scholars’ Careers
		Multilingualism in Academic Journals
			Reflection: On Translation and Knowledge Distribution
		Discussion: Supporting Multilingual Knowledge Production
		Related Topics
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	22 Multilingualism and hip hop
		Introduction
		Multilingual Hip Hop Cultures
		Multilingual Hip Hop in South Africa: Cape Hip Hop as a Case Study
			Multilingualism and Hip Hop in Apartheid Times
			Multilingual Hip Hop in Post-Apartheid Times
				Multilingualism and Freestyle Rap Battles
				Commodifying the Multilingualism of Cape Hip Hop
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	23 Media as sites of multilingualism
		Introduction
		Early Developments in the Field
		Changing Theories and Methods
		Changing Contexts and Research Directions
		Example of Media as a Site of Multilingualism
		Conclusion and Reflection
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
Part V Multilingualism in Public Life
	24 Multilingualism in the workplace: Issues of Space and Social Order
		Introduction: Multilingualism in the Workplace
		A Focus On Space
		Spaces of Work and Language(s)
			Spaces of Language Learning
			Spaces of Valuing Multilingualism
			Spaces of Managing Multilingualism
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	25 Multilingualism during disasters and emergencies
		Introduction
		Multilingual Communication Challenges During Crises
		Responding to the Challenges of Multilingual Crisis Communication
		Implications and Future Challenges
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	26 Multilingualism in asylum and migration procedures
		Introduction
		Backstage Management: Negotiating Language Choice for the Asylum Interview During Lawyer–client Encounters
			Managing Linguistic Resources
			Using One Language Only
			Identity Implications of Language Choice
			Practical Implications of Language Choices
		Frontstage Management: Negotiating Language Choice in the Asylum Interview
		Discussion
		Concluding Remarks and Further Research Directions
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
	27 Multilingualism and translation
		Introduction
		Translation, Indexicality and Social Meaning
		Translation and Interpreting in Institutional Contexts
		Translation and Social Identity
		Translation in the Linguistic Landscape
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	28 Multilingualism and linguistic landscapes
		Introduction: the Inception of Linguistic Landscapes
		The Social Production of LL
		The Semiotic/multimodal Turn of LL Studies
		The Online Space as Multilingual LL
		LL in Oral-Dominant Language Communities
		Spatial and Neighbourhood Appropriation in LL
		Multisensory Analysis and Semiotic Assemblages in LL
		Mobilescapes and Skinscapes as LL
		LL as Multilingual and Translanguaging Spaces
		LL and Methodological Issues
		LL and Material Culture of Multilingualism
		Coloniality/decoloniality and LL
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Reading
		References
Afterword
	Taking Account of Colonialism, Coloniality and Language
	Taking Account of Multilingualism and Education in Global South Contexts
	Taking Account of New Lines of Inquiry
		Language Materiality, New Materialities and Post-Humanism
		(In)securitization as Another Mode of Governance
		Multilingualism During the COVID-19 Pandemic
	Taking Forward Lines of Research Presented in the First Edition
		Language in the Political and Economic Conditions of the Late Modern Age
		Interpreting and Translation in Multilingual Societies
		Multilingualism, Media, Mediatized Texts and Digitization
		Linguistic Landscapes
		Reflections On Ongoing Debates About Fixity and Fluidity in Language
	Critical Ethnography: Taking Stock of Methodological Developments and Looking Ahead
	Concluding Comments
	Note
	References
Index