The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Introduction
	References
Part I Approaches to Discourse Analysis
	1 Critical Discourse Analysis
		Introduction
		Critical Analysis of Discourse as a Part of Critical Social Analysis
		One Version of CDA
		A Trans-Disciplinary Research Methodology
			Stage 1: Focus Upon a Social Wrong, in Its Semiotic Aspect
			Stage 2: Identify Obstacles to Addressing the Social Wrong
			Stage 3: Consider Whether the Social Order ‘Needs’ the Social Wrong
			Stage 4: Identify Possible Ways Past the Obstacles
		Illustration – Critical Research On the Financial and Economic Crisis
		Recent Developments
		Further Reading
		References
	2 Evaluation and Discourse Analysis
		Introduction
		A Brief History of Linguistic Evaluation Research
		Appraisal
		Evaluation and Legitimation
		Future Developments
		References
	3 A Culturalist Approach to Discourse
		Introduction
		Acultural Approaches
		Cultural Approaches
		A Culturalist Approach
		A Chinese Exemplar of Doing CDS
		Conclusion: a Disciplinary Agenda
		Notes
		Further Readings
		References
	4 Discursive Psychology
		Discursive Psychology and Discourse Analysis
		Theoretical Principles of Discursive Psychology
			Discourse Is Action Oriented
			Discourse Is Situated
			Discourse Is Constructed and Constructive
			Discourse Is Produced as Psychological
		Methodological Procedure of Discursive Psychology
		Discursive Psychology in Practice
		Interdisciplinary Prospects and Applications
		Further Reading
		References
	5 Conversation Analysis
		The Conversation Analytic Approach
		Generating Data
			Naturally Occurring Interaction
			A Note On Sampling
			Audio and Video Recording
		Transcribing Data
		Analyzing Data
			Getting Started
				Begin With a “Noticing”
				Begin With a Vernacular Action
			Grounding an Analysis
				The Response as an Analytic Resource
				Deployment as an Analytic Resource
			Working Through Collections
		Retrospect and Prospect
		Appendix: Transcription Conventions
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	6 Interactional Sociolinguistics and Discourse Analysis
		What Is Interactional Sociolinguistics?
		What Are the Key Studies in the Area?
		How Does IS Help to Approach Discourse?
		How Do You Make an IS Analysis?
		Why Is IS Important?
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	7 Discourse-Oriented Ethnography
		Discourse-oriented Ethnography: Traditional and Emergent
		Origins and Brief History of Traditional Ethnography
		Discourse-oriented Ethnography: Two Traditional Approaches
			Interpretive Ethnography
			Ethnography of Communication
		Analysing Interview Data in an Ethnographic Study
		Two Emergent Approaches to Ethnography
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	8 Discourse Analysis and Linguistic Anthropology
		Introduction
		Origin Stories, Programmatic Paradigms, and Analytic Trajectories
			Society in and Through Language: an Origin Story of Discourse Analysis
			Language in and Through Culture: a Programmatic Review of Linguistic Anthropology
		From Language to Law …
		… And Back Again
		Conclusion
		Related Topics
		Further Readings
		References
	9 Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis
		Synergy Between Corpus Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
		Corpus-based Textual Approach: Focus On Academic Discourse
			Two Schools in Corpus-Based Analyses of Academic Discourse
			Linguistic Devices With Discourse Functions
				Lexical Bundles
				Metadiscourse
		Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS): Focus On Political Discourse and the Media
			Overview of CDA and CADS
			Key Studies in CDA and CADS
		Corpus-based Contextual Approach: Focus On Workplace Discourse
		Recent Developments and Looking to the Future
		Further Readings
		References
	10 Multimodal Discourse Analysis
		What Is Multimodal Discourse Analysis?
		What Are the Key Issues That Multimodal Discourse Analysis Has Brought to Light?
		What Can Multimodal Discourse Analysis Tell Us About Learning and Social Life?
		What Does a Social Semiotic Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Communication/(inter-)action and of Semiotic Entities/texts Entail?
		Why Is a Social Semiotic Multimodal Discourse Analysis Important?
		Addendum: Multimodal Transcription of and in a Multimodal World
			Jeff Bezemer
		Further Reading
		References
	11 Systemic Functional Linguistics: Exploring Meaning in Language
		Systemic Functional Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
		Reasoning With Patterns of Grammar and Meaning
		SFL and Critical Discourse Analysis
		Social Contexts Explored in SFL Analyses
		New Directions in SFL Discourse Analysis
		Further Reading
		References
	12 Metaphor and Discourse: A View From Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory
		Aspects of the Communicative Situation
		Functions of Metaphor in Discourse
		Levels of Metaphor
		Contextual Influence On Metaphor Production
		Metaphorical Meaning-Making in Discourse
		Conclusions
		Further Readings
		References
Part II Gender, Race and Sexualities
	13 Gender and Discourse Analysis
		Language and Gender – the Turn to Discourse
		The Discursive Construction of Dominance
		Discourse Patterns in Same-Sex Talk
		Competing and Intersecting Discourses: Multiple Femininities, Multiple Masculinities
		Ideologies of Gender and Discourse
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	14 Queer Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
		Introduction: Queer Linguistics as an “Open Mesh of Possibilities”
		Beyond Binary Thinking
		Demystifying the Narrative Production of Normative History
		Documenting Queer Linguistic Responses to Racialization
		Conclusions
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	15 Intersectionality and Discourse Analysis
		Intersectionality: Black Feminism and the Discourse of Social Justice
		Womanist Discourse Analysis: What Can We Learn From Black Girl Nerds?
		Black Girlhood Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Past, Future, and Present
		Intersectionality in Discourse Analysis: Calling in the Field
		Conclusion: From the Kitchen Table to the Stars
		Further Reading
		References
	16 Discourse, Gender and Professional Communication
		Introduction: State of the Field
		Gender and Intersectionality at Work
		Key Methods
		Analysis
		Future Directions
		Transcription Conventions
		Further Reading
		References
	17 (Anti)Racist Discourse
		Introduction and Aims
		Racism in the Media
			Racist Media Contexts
			Racist Media Discourse
				Topics
				Local Meanings
				Metaphors
				Organization and Structures
				Voice and Quotations
		Social Media
		Political Discourse
			Parliamentary Debates
			Party Programmes and Manifestos
				Example of an Antiracist Manifesto
			Speeches of Politicians
		Educational Discourse
			Curricula
			Textbooks
			Classroom Interaction
		Everyday Conversation
		Antiracist Discourse
		Conclusions
			Future Developments
		Further Reading
		References
Part III Narrativity and Discourse
	18 Narrative Analysis
		Why Narrative Matters
			Narrative Hermeneutics
			Narrative and Social Identity
		Theorizing Narrative as a Discursive Activity
			Modelling Narrative Structure
			Narrative as an Interactional Accomplishment
			Narrative Events and Participant Roles
		Topical Relevance
		Narrative Point
		Situated Tellings
			Narratives as Evidence
			Narratives as Breaking News
			Narratives of Shared Experience
		Further Reading
		References
	19 Literary Discourse
		Is There Such a Thing as Literary Language?
		How Is the Discourse Situation Different in Literary Texts?
		Do the Different Literary Genres Require Different Approaches?
		What Work in Discourse Analysis Is Useful for Analysing Literary Discourse?
		Looking to the Future
		Further Reading
		References
	20 Narrative, Cognition and Rationality
		Discourse and Rationality
		The Place of Narrative
		What Is a Story?
		Ceteris Paribus
		Rationality and Modes of Discourse
		A Discourse Model of Reasoning
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Further Readings
		References
Part IV Genre and Register
	21 Register and Discourse Analysis
		Introduction
		Corpus-based Analyses of Registers
		E-mail Messages as a Register
			Variation Among Sub-Registers of E-Mail Messages
		Multi-dimensional Studies of Register Variation
		Conclusion
		Further Reading
		References
	22 Genre, Register and Discourse in Systemic Functional Linguistics
		Genre, Register and Discourse Analysis
		Genre Relations
		Story Genres
		Explanations
		Curriculum Genres
		Conclusion
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	23 Genre as Social Action
		Activity, Agency, and Utterance at the Start
		Meaning-making, Typification, and Genre
		Typification, Social Organization, and Social Change
		Speech Acts, Social Facts, Knowledge, and Knowledge Transitivity
		Genres, Socialization, and Cognitive Development
		Further Reading
		References
	24 Critical Genre Analysis of Professional Discourse
		Introduction
		Analyzing Genre
		Critical Genre Analysis
		Interdiscursivity
		Professional Practice
		Corporate Disclosure Practices
		Concluding Remarks
		Further Reading
		References
Part V Spoken Discourse
	25 Prosody in Discourse
		Introduction to the Discourse Intonation Framework
		Tone Units
		Prominence
		Tone
		Key and Termination
		Conclusion
		Transcription Conventions
		Further Reading
		References
	26 Lexis in Spoken Discourse
		Lexis as a Discourse Phenomenon: Key Studies
		Corpus Evidence
		Lexical Chunks and Pragmatic Specialisation
		Lexis and Turn-Construction
			Lexical Repetition and Relexicalisation
			Lexical Triggers: Vague Category Markers
			Lexis and Turn-Openings
			Response Tokens as Discourse Items
		Lexical Chaining Within and Across Speaker Boundaries
		Conclusion
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	27 Emergent Grammar
		Background to Emergent Grammar
			General
			Historical Background to Emergent Grammar
			Emergent Grammar and Grammaticalization
			Emergent Grammar and Fixed Expressions
			Summary
		Grammar From an Emergent Grammar Perspective
			Emergent Grammar Vs. Sentence Grammar
			The Distributed Nature of Grammar
			Emergent Grammar and Temporality
		Examples of Emergent Grammar
			The English Wh-Cleft
			Incrementality
			Projection
		What Insights About Grammar Has the Focus On the Emergent and Temporal Nature of Structure Brought to Light?
		Extensions of Emergent Grammar
			Emergent Grammar and Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
			Emergent Grammar and Recent Approaches to Language
			Structuration and Emergent Grammar
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
Part VI Social Media and Online Discourse
	28 Social Media and Discourse Analysis
		Challenges of Social Media for Discourse Analysts
		Texts and (Inter)textuality On Social Media
		Participation and Interaction On Social Media
		Platforms and Power
		Future Directions and Challenges
		Further Reading
		References
	29 (Small) Stories Online: The Intersection of Affordances and Practices
		Situating Online Stories in Discourse Analysis
		Tales and Tellings in the Online Economy of Sharing: Key Insights
		Online Stories as Designed, ‘Curated’ Features: Methods
		Small Stories as Formatted Genres Online
		Looking Ahead: Toward a Narrative Analysis of Platformed Storytelling
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	30 Online Identity and Discourse Analysis
		Changing Conceptualizations of Identity Online
		Theorizing Identity/ies
		Identities in Online Consumer Reviews
			Transportable Identities
			Lifestyle/preference Information
			Situated Identities
			Multifaceted Identities in a Single Review Text
		Multimodality and Online Identities
		Online Identity as a Methodological Issue
		Further Reading
		References
Part VII Educational Applications
	31 Discourse and ‘The New Literacy Studies’
		The NLS: the Basic Argument
		Examples of Founding Work in the NLS: Scollon and Scollon
		Examples of Founding Work: Shirley Brice Heath
		Examples of Founding Work: Brian Street
		Conclusion
		References
	32 Ethnography and Classroom Discourse
		What Is Ethnography?
		Characteristics of Ethnographic Approaches to the Study of Classroom Discourse
		Major Themes in Ethnographic Studies of L2 Classroom Discourse
			Language and Academic Discourse Socialization of ESL Learners
			(Co-)Construction of Social Relations, Social Positioning and Identities
		Ideologies, Power and Resistance
			Social Construction of Gender, Sexuality and Race
		Issues to Be Addressed
			Research Design and Theoretical Motivation
			Etic and Emic Perspectives
			Macro- and Micro-Analysis of Classroom Discourse
			Classroom as a Unit of Enquiry and the Delimitation of Classroom Discourse
		Challenges for Future Research
		Further Readings
		References
	33 Education and Bilingualism
		Why Examine Education and Bilingualism?
		Political Discourse and Macro-Sociolinguistics
		Key Theoretical Perspectives That Bear On Classroom Discourse
		Empirical Studies of Language and Power in Bilingual Education Settings
		Looking to the Future
		Transcription Conventions
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	34 English for Academic Purposes and Discourse Analysis
		What Is EAP?
		What Has Discourse Analysis Told Us About EAP?
		What Has My Work Contributed to this Area?
		An Example Analysis
		Looking to the Future
		Further Reading
		References
Part VIII Institutional Applications
	35 Discourse(s) in Advertising
		What Is Advertising?
		Defining Advertising Discourse
		Branded Content and Dialogic Relationships in Ad Messages
		Further Directions and New Frameworks in Advertising
		Contextualizing Contemporary Advertising: a Case Study (Too Good to Go)
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	36 Discourse and News Media
		What Is News Discourse?
		Approaches in the Study of News Discourse
			Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
			Conversation Analysis (CA)
			Corpus Linguistics (CL)
			Ethnography
		The Discourse of Print and Online News
			Online News
			Quoting in News Discourse
			Involving Audiences
			News Values and News Framing
		The Discourse of Television News
			Verbal/visual Relationships
			The Broadcast News Interview
		Further Reading
		References
	37 Discourse and Health(care)
		What Is Health Communication?
		Spoken Health(care) Discourse
		Written Health(care) Discourse
		Digital Health(care) Discourse
		Outlook and Future Directions
		Further Reading
		References
	38 Discourses in the Language of the Law
		What Is Discourse in the Language of the Law?
		Demographics and Lay Litigants’ Talk in Court
		Patriarchy in Cross-Examination of Rape Victims and Other Witnesses
		Appellate Court Opinions, Adverbs, Emphatics, and Attitudinal Stance
		Conclusion
		Note
		Further Reading
		References
	39 Ethnicity and Humour in the Workplace
		Humour in the Workplace
		Ethnicity and Humour at Work
		Analysing Humour Using Discourse Analysis
		Building Solidarity
		Marking Boundaries
		Transcription Conventions
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	40 Politics as Usual: Investigating Political Discourse in Action
		Discourse And/about Politics
		Frontstage and Backstage: Discourse, Strategy, Performance, and Legitimation
			Meanings of ‘Politics’
			Language and Politics – Political Communication
			Politics On the ‘Backstage’
		The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) in Critical Discourse Studies (CDS)
			An Integrative-Interdisciplinary Approach
		Everyday Life of an MEP – a Qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis
			Episode 1: Starting the Day
			Episode 2: Statement By Hans in the Committee for Social Affairs
		Politics as Usual: Perspectives and Limitations
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	41 Critical Policy Discourse Analysis
		Introducing Critical Policy Discourse Analysis
		Text Oriented Discourse Analysis (TODA)
			Creating a Scientific Object
			Purpose of the Research
			Data
			Theoretical Framework
			Methodological Framework
			The UNAgenda2030
		Analysis of the UNAgenda2030
			Global Narrative Analysis
			Deictic Analysis
			Intertextuality and Interdiscursivity
			Orders of Discourse
			Texturing
		Critical Reflection
		The Dark Side of the Moon: Alternative Approaches and Articulate Voices
			Systems Thinking and the Web of Life
			Mia Mottley: Prime Minister of Barbados
			Txai Surui: an Ecological Activist From the Brazilian Amazon
		CPDA: Further Developments
		Notes
		Further Reading
		References
	42 Intercultural Discourse: Identity Perspectives On Business Interaction
		Defining Intercultural Discourse
		Culture, Groups, and Identity
		Intercultural Discourse and Identity
		Managing Business Image in Discourse: Handling Challenges to Professional and Individual Identity
			Example 1
			Example 2
		Research Gaps and Methodological Issues
		Conclusion
		Further Reading
		References
Index